Триимоноэция у цветковых растений

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Аннотация

Популяции тримоноэцичных растений состоят из особей, образующих одновременно тычиночные, пестичные и обоеполые цветки. Тримоноэция очень редка у покрытосеменных растений, и сведения о ней крайне немногочисленны. На основе литературных данных и собственных исследований составлен список тримоноэцичных растений в рамках мировой флоры, который включает 73 вида из 44 родов, относящихся к 29 семействам и 19 порядкам цветковых растений. Тримоноэция встречается у 6.9% семейств, 0.3% родов и 0.025% видов покрытосеменных. Тримоноэцичные виды не выявлены в группе базальных покрытосеменных и магнолиид. Самая высокая доля тримоноэцичных видов характерна для однодольных растений: 20.0% семейств, 0.7% родов и 0.05% видов. Подавляющее большинство (80.3% всех видов) тримоноэцичных растений относятся к группам Superrosids (27 видов) и Superasterids (32 вида). Выявлено пять ведущих семейств по числу тримоноэцичных видов: Apiaceae (16 видов из 2 родов), Amaranthaceae (7 видов из 3 родов), Cleomaceae (6 видов из 2 родов), Commelinaceae (5 видов из 1 рода) и Poaceae (4 вида из 4 родов). Чуть меньше половины всех тримоноэцичных видов встречается в пяти родах: Heracleum L. (13 видов), Aneilema R.Br. (5), Cleome L. (5), Amaranthus L. (4), Lomatium Raf. (3). Проанализирована связь тримоноэции с такими биологическими и экологическими характеристиками, как жизненная форма, способ опыления, окраска околоцветника, консистенция околоплодника, наличие однодомных родственных таксонов, широтное расположение, распространение по флористическим фитохорионам. Обсуждаются размерные различия околоцветников трех типов цветков, фертильность пыльцы и пыльцевая продуктивность обоеполых и тычиночных цветков, расположение и соотношение обоеполых, тычиночных и пестичных цветков у особей, а также механизмы возникновения и эволюции тримоноэции у цветковых растений.

Об авторах

В. Н. Годин

Центральный сибирский ботанический сад СО РАН

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: vn.godin@mpgu.su
ул. Золотодовинская, 101, Новосибирск, 630090, Россия

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