Investigation of interfacial processes between oil and well stimulation fluids under different contact conditions

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One of the practical challenges in the oil and gas industry is the formation of acid-oil emulsions and asphaltene sludge when well stimulation fluids come into contact with oil. The key to solving these problems lies in understanding the processes at the interface between oil and these agents, which is the focus of this study. The research investigates the processes occurring between sensitive oil and two types of stimulation fluids based on hydrochloric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with and without the addition of a surfactant. Three methods are employed: simple mixing («bottle test»), simultaneous flow of fluids in a capillary, and simultaneous flow of fluids in a micromodel simulating a porous medium. Using simple mixing, it is shown that adding a surfactant to 15% hydrochloric acid can prevent sludge formation but does not prevent emulsion formation. Additionally, it is found that EDTA-based compositions with a neutral pH are compatible even with sensitive oil. Simultaneous flow experiments demonstrate the role of capillary walls in creating sludge and the cleaning ability of the chelating agent. Simultaneous flow in the micromodel highlights the distinctive features of hydrochloric acid compared to the chelate discrete flow, emulsion formation in the near-wall layer, and precipitate formation on pore walls. The results of this study can be useful both for further fundamental research into colloidal-chemical processes in oil reservoirs and for practical applications.

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作者简介

T. Yunusov

Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas; Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: Davletshina.l@gubkin.ru
俄罗斯联邦, 65, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991; Bldg. 1, 30, Bolshoy Blvd., Moscow, 121205

L. Davletshina

Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas

Email: Davletshina.l@gubkin.ru
俄罗斯联邦, 65, Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119991

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2. Fig. 1

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3. Fig. 1. The micromodel used: (a) schematic, (b) photograph.

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4. Fig. 2. Photograph of the investigated sludge: (a) on the sieve, (b) microphotograph in a thin layer, individual particles are marked in red.

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5. Fig. 3. Mechanism of formation of surfactant-oil-acid emulsion: (a) dispersion of acid droplets in the oil phase; (b) destabilisation of surfactants on the interphase surface and parallel diffusion of surfactants to it; (c) formation of surface - surfactant-coagulated surfactants; (d) formation of stable emulsion.

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6. Fig. 4. Flow of 15% HCl in a capillary: (a) particles found at the outlet; (b) oil washing from the capillary walls with sediment formation; (c) sediment after washing the capillary with cyclohexane.

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7. Fig. 5. Filtration of 15% HCl through a micromodel: (a) flow of acid droplets (indicated in red); (b) wall trapping of acid by oil (indicated in green); (c) sludge formation after washing with cyclohexane (indicated in blue).

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8. Fig. 6. Filtration of 15% HCl with surfactant through a micromodel: (a) flow of acid droplets (indicated in red); (b) thickness of oil films on the walls (indicated in green); (c) sludge formation after washing with cyclohexane (indicated in blue).

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9. Fig. 7. Filtration of the chelate composition through the micromodel: (a) continuous flow of the composition; (b) after filtration of the chelate composition without surfactant; (c) after filtration of the chelate composition with surfactant.

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