Features of the biological state of the smooth scallop (Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758), Bivalvia, Pectinidae) in a sand mining area in The Black Sea

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Using the Flexopecten glaber scallop population in Donuzlav Bay as an example, the main biological indicators of specimens sampled synchronously in two test areas were examined and compared: (1) a zone under the direct influence of sand mining, and (2) an intact zone with a natural sedimentation process. The sea scallop was found in Donuzlav Bay at depths ranging from 0.5 to 17 m, but its distribution was discontinuous and uneven. The main clusters of F. glaber were concentrated at depths of 2–3 m, where the density of scallops in some areas of the intact zone reached 12 specimens per sq. m. In the distribution zone of turbidity from sand washing, the density of scallops reached 6 specimens per sq. m. It scallops from both test samples, the age structure of settlements, the average values of size-weight characteristics and the stages of gonad formation were shown to be quite close. However, in scallops from the conditionally intact zone, the average gonad mass was twice as large, and the gonadal index was 1.5 times higher. The scallops of the unaffected zone had the gonads that were not only larger, but also brighter and more varied in color. These and other characteristics studied indicate that scallops in the turbidity zone affected by sand mining were physiologically suppressed. Despite some signs of improvement in the status of the F. glaber population in the Black Sea, the need to maintain conservation measures for the species and to strengthen these measures in areas with increased anthropogenic influence is highlighted.

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I. Bondarev

A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences

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Email: igor.p.bondarev@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, 299011, Sevastopol, Nakhimov Avenue, 2

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2. Fig 1. Map-diagram of the research area: A-Donuzlav Bay; 1, 2-F. glaber sampling sites.

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3. Fig. 2. Satellite photos of the southern part of Donuzlav Bay (Yandex map): A is the location of the suspension cloud near the Southern Spit, shown by an arrow; B is an enlarged area of extraction and washing of sand, the arrow shows the tip of the pipe for dumping silty soil fractions; 1 is the scallop collection station on the periphery of the suspension cloud.

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4. Fig. 3. The left (upper) flap of F. glaber from the inside: H is the height of the shell, L is the length of the shell, A.M. is the adductor muscle, D.g is the digestive gland, F is the leg, Gill is the gill, Gon is the gonad: o is the female part, t is the male part, M is the mantle.

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5. Fig. 4. Characteristic surface of the F. glaber shell from Donuzlav Bay: A – siltation zone (site 1), H 46.2 mm, L 50.0 mm; B, C – in situ in an unaffected zone (site 2). Without scale.

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6. Fig. 5. Dependence of the total weight (TW, g) on the height (H, mm) of the F. glaber shell from Donuzlav Bay: A is the siltation zone (site 1), B is the unaffected zone (site 2).

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7. Fig. 6. Soft–body flaps of F. glaber specimens collected in Donuzlav Bay (H, L – mm, GI – %): A, B – from the siltation zone (site 1), C–F - from the unaffected zone (site 2), A – H 47.2, L 53.5, GI 12; B – H 45.0, L 49.1, GI 5.6; C – H 45.2, L 46.8, GI 14.0; D – H 49.2, L 53.3, GI 19; E – H 43.2, L 44.8, GI 36; F – H 47.7, L 53.3, GI 28.

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8. Fig. 7. Age structure of F. glaber settlements for the test areas of Donuzlav Bay: 1 – siltation zone, 2 – unaffected zone.

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