Tap Water Shorts the Lifespan of Mice with Prolonged Exposure to Fractionated γ-Radiation

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Abstract

Assessing the role of social factors in the formation of radioresistance in chronic exposure and finding ways to increase it are important for understanding the mechanisms of the damaging effects of radiation and developing practical methods for reducing radiation risk in professionals exposed to ionizing radiation and patients undergoing radiation therapy. In this work, we investigated the ability to influence the lifespan of animals exposed to γ-radiation fractionally for a long time by replacing drinking water from tap water to distilled water. Female ICR mice (CD-1) were exposed to total 60Co γ radiation weekly in fractions for 33 weeks starting at 9 weeks of age. The dose of a single irradiation was 50 mGy, the average dose rate was 2 mGy/sec. The total radiation dose was 1.65 Gy. Control non-irradiated mice and irradiated animals were divided into 2 groups. The first received tap water, and the second received distilled water throughout the experiment. Non-irradiated animals kept on tap water showed a statistically insignificant (log-rank test, p = 0.483) reduction in average life expectancy compared to mice kept on distilled water. In animals after exposure to 60Co γ-radiation, a statistically significant (p = 0.0013) decrease in life expectancy was noted when kept on tap water and statistically insignificant (p = 0.1511) when kept on distilled water. Tap water and irradiation showed a clear synergy with a combined effect on the body of mice, expressed in a more than threefold decrease in the period of post-radiation shortening of life expectancy. Distilled water reduced the rate of death of irradiated animals and modified the rate of death of non-irradiated animals. Our data demonstrate that the reduction in life expectancy of mice kept on tap water caused by long-term fractionated irradiation can be reduced when animals are kept on distilled water.

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About the authors

Olga V. Nikitenko

Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation — Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: dorozhkina88@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9011-4500
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Taisia M. Bychkova

Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation — Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia

Email: taisiabichkova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2678-6964
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow

Dina M. Utina

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Email: din-din-86@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Dubna

Viktor N. Gaevsky

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Email: gaevskij2011@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Dubna

Igor B. Ushakov

A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia

Email: iushakov@fmbcfmba.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0270-8622
Russian Federation, Moscow

Alexander A. Ivanov

Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation — Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences; A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Email: a1931192@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8403-8636
Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow; Dubna

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2. Fig. 1. Cumulative survival of ICR mice (CD-1) according to Kaplan–Meier fractionally irradiated in a total dose of 1.65 Gy and unirradiated: A — irradiated (2) and non-irradiated (1), kept on tap water; B — irradiated (4) and non-irradiated (3), kept on distilled water; С — non-irradiated, kept on tap (1) and distilled (3) water; D — irradiated, kept on tap (2) and distilled (4) water.

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3. Fig. 2. Death rate of female ICR (CD-1) mice fractionally irradiated at a total dose of 1,65 Gy and not irradiated (Gompertz plots): A — irradiated (2) and non-irradiated (1), kept on tap water; B — irradiated (4) and non-irradiated (3), kept on distilled water; B — non-irradiated, kept on tap (1) and distilled (3) water; D — irradiated, kept on tap (2) and distilled (4) water.

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