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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109227</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rpoj109227</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Antenatal risk factors for retinopathy of premature</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Антенатальные факторы риска ретинопатии недоношенных (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3943-1188</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4809-7546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makogon</surname><given-names>Svetlana I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макогон</surname><given-names>Светлана Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н.</p></bio><email>vvk_msi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-9796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbacheva</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбачева</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, ophthalmologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог</p></bio><email>vvk_msi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7615-2057</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlopkova</surname><given-names>Yulia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлопкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, ophthalmologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог</p></bio><email>vvk_msi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai Regional Ophthalmological Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайская краевая офтальмологическая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-19"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Makogon S.I., Gorbacheva N.V., Khlopkova Y.S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Макогон С.И., Горбачева Н.В., Хлопкова Ю.С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makogon S.I., Gorbacheva N.V., Khlopkova Y.S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Макогон С.И., Горбачева Н.В., Хлопкова Ю.С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-24"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/109227">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/109227</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This literature review presents the antenatal risk factors for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Despite advances in antenatal and neonatal therapeutic interventions, screening, and follow-up, ROP remains a potentially vision-threatening retinopathy that requires careful monitoring and timely intervention to prevent the progression of adverse visual impairment or blindness. ROP is a multifactorial disease. The main risk factors are low gestational age and low birth weight. Recent experimental and clinical data support the hypothesis that multiple antenatal factors are involved in the etiology and progression of ROP. These factors include the age of the mother, maternal diseases, pregnancy-associated maternal pathologies, use of drugs to correct these conditions, and inflammatory process. Their roles are ambiguous and often contradictory. The physiology of the mother and placenta can significantly influence the risk of ROP development in preterm infants. The placenta connects the mother’s body and the fetus, and it functions in the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between the mother and the fetus. Therefore, any pathological changes in the mother’s body entail changes in the placenta, which this directly affects the fetus. A sudden loss of placental support is detrimental to the development of infants in the immediate postnatal period. Thus, these factors should be taken into account when assessing the risk of ROP development to predict and prevent poor vision in children.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре литературы представлены антенатальные факторы риска развития ретинопатии недоношенных (РН). Несмотря на достижения в области антенатальных и неонатальных терапевтических вмешательств, скрининга и последующего наблюдения, РН остаётся потенциально угрожающей зрению ретинопатией, требующей тщательного наблюдения и своевременного вмешательства для предотвращения прогрессирования неблагоприятных нарушений зрения или слепоты. Известно, что РН является многофакторным заболеванием. Основными факторами риска являются низкий гестационный возраст и низкая масса тела при рождении. Последние экспериментальные и клинические данные подтверждают гипотезу о том, что многочисленные антенатальные факторы вовлечены в этиологию и прогрессирование РН. К таким факторам относят возраст матери, заболевания матери, различные патологические состояния организма матери, связанные с беременностью, использование лекарственных препаратов для коррекции этих состояний, воспалительные процессы. Роль их неоднозначна и зачастую противоречива. Физиология матери и плаценты может значимым образом влиять на риск развития РН у недоношенных детей. Плацента является связующим звеном между организмом матери и плода, функционирует для обмена питательными веществами и кислородом между матерью и младенцем. Любые патологические изменения в организме матери влекут за собой изменения плаценты, и это непосредственно отражается на организме плода. Принято считать, что резкая потеря плацентарной поддержки вредна для развития младенцев в ближайшем постнатальном периоде. Необходимо помнить об этих факторах для оценки возможного развития РН, прогнозирования и профилактики слабовидения у ребёнка.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retinopathy of prematurity</kwd><kwd>antenatal risk factors</kwd><kwd>hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy</kwd><kwd>chorioamnionitis</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ретинопатия недоношенных</kwd><kwd>антенатальные факторы риска</kwd><kwd>гипертензия при беременности</kwd><kwd>сахарный диабет при беременности</kwd><kwd>хориоамнионит</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bas AY, Demirel N, Koc E, et al. Incidence, risk factors and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Turkey (TR-ROP study): A prospective, multicentre study in 69 neonatal intensive care units. 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