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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">229974</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rpoj229974</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological structure of the levator muscle in congenital and acquired ptosis of the upper eyelid</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологическое строение леватора при изменениях динамометрических показателей при врождённом и приобретённом птозе верхнего века</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-4980</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1797-9875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Ирина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>filatova13@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4713-5661</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1984-1519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Izmailova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Измайлова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>nizm2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-0686</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1413-2930</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratieva</surname><given-names>Julia P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Юлия Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>oftal-julia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-5754</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4397-4425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shemetov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеметов</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>sergeyshemetov87@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-4882</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7585-6246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trefilova</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трефилова</surname><given-names>Марина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, graduate student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>gomfozis@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-13"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-05-04"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/229974">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/229974</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>AIM: </italic></bold>To examine the relationship between the morphological structure of the levator in congenital and acquired ptosis based on dynamometric data and histological research.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIAL AND METHODS: </italic></bold>Dynamometric and histological examination of the morphological structure of the levator in congenital and acquired ptosis of the upper eyelid was conducted. Twenty-seven fragments obtained during the operation to eliminate blepharoptosis were studied.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> With congenital ptosis of the upper eyelid, the average values of SS and fatigue were 1.06±0.39 g and 1.88±0.89 g, respectively; with acquired ptosis, the average values of SS and fatigue were 1.47±0.66 g and 2.31±0.91 g, respectively (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05). All the biopsies were divided into two groups. Group 1 included biopsies of 16 patients with congenital ptosis (n=16), and group 2 included 11 levator fragments with acquired ptosis. Macroscopic examination revealed greater levator fragment lengths in the acquired ptosis group than in the congenital ptosis group: 2.33±1.32 mm and 1.22±0.34 mm, respectively (<italic>p</italic> ≤0.05). The levator fragments differed in color and had denser elastic consistency in the acquired ptosis group than in the congenital ptosis group. The histological picture in congenital ptosis (n=11) was an overgrowth of the fibrous–adipose tissue, and five biopsies showed an overgrowth of fibrous tissue with signs of protein dystrophy. In levator biopsies with acquired ptosis, seven biopsies with aponeurotic ptosis of the upper eyelid were characterized by the overgrowth of fibrous–adipose tissue. The first biopsy (myasthenic ptosis of the upper eyelid) demonstrated the predominance of adipose tissue, with scattered bundles of striated muscle fibers and areas of connective tissue with bundles of smooth muscle fibers. In the remaining three biopsies, fragments of adipose tissue with signs of edema and hyperplasia were identified.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold> Congenital ptosis is characterized by relatively low strength and rapid fatigue of the upper eyelid levator, higher occurrence of fibrous–adipose tissue, and fibrous tissue proliferation. Acquired ptosis is characterized by average strength and fatigue. In the acquired ptosis group, histological data indicate an equal ratio of fibrous–adipose and adipose tissue growth. These results can be used in the diagnosis of various forms of ptosis and selection of an effective method for surgical correction for this pathology.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Цель.</italic> </bold>На основании динамометрических данных и результатов гистологического исследования изучить особенности морфологического строения леватора при врождённом и приобретённом птозе.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы.</italic></bold> Проведено динамометрическое и гистологическое исследование морфологического строения леватора при врождённом и приобретённом птозе верхнего века. Было изучено 27 фрагментов, полученных в ходе операции по устранению блефароптоза.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic> </bold>При врождённом птозе верхнего века сократительная способность (СС) составила в среднем 1,06±0,39 г, утомляемость — в среднем 1,88±0,89 г, а при приобретённом птозе средние значения СС были равны 1,47±0,66 г, утомляемости — 2,31±0,91 г (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05). Все биоптаты были разделены на две группы. В первую группу входят биоптаты 16 пациентов с врождённым птозом (n=16). Вторая группа включает 11 фрагментов леватора с приобретённым птозом. Макроскопические исследование выявили, что при приобретённом птозе длина резецированного фрагмента леватора превышает таковую в группе врождённого птоза: 2,33±1,32 мм и 1,22±0,34 мм, соответственно (<italic>р</italic> ≤0,05). В группе приобретённого птоза фрагменты леватора различаются по цвету и имеют более плотную эластичную консистенцию, чем в группе врождённого птоза. Гистологическая картина при врождённом птозе (n=11) характеризовалась разрастанием фиб-розно-жировой ткани, а в 5 биоптатах отмечено разрастание фиброзной ткани с признаками белковой дистрофии. При приобретённом птозе 7 биоптатов с апоневротическим птозом верхнего века характеризовались разрастаниями фиброзно-жировой ткани, в одном биоптате (миастенический птоз верхнего века) отмечено преобладание жировой клетчатки с разрозненными пучками поперечно-полосатых мышечных волокон, а также участки соединительной ткани с пучками гладкомышечных волокон. В трёх биоптатах группы приобретённого птоза выявлены фрагменты жировой ткани с признаками отёка и гиперплазии.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Врождённый птоз характеризуется относительной низкой силой и быстрой утомляемостью леватора верхнего века, большей частотой встречаемости разрастания фиброзно-жировой и фиброзной ткани. Приобретённый птоз отличается средними показателями силы и утомляемости. Гистологические данные в группе приобретённого птоза свидетельствуют о равном соотношении разрастаний фиброзно-жировой и жировой ткани. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для диагностики различных форм птоза и выбора эффективного метода хирургической коррекции данной патологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>upper eyelid</kwd><kwd>blepharoptosis</kwd><kwd>congenital ptosis</kwd><kwd>acquired ptosis</kwd><kwd>levator muscle</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамометрические показатели</kwd><kwd>блефароптоз</kwd><kwd>врождённый птоз</kwd><kwd>приобретённый птоз</kwd><kwd>морфология леватора</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ahmad SM, Della Rocca RC. Blepharoptosis: evaluation, techniques, and complications. 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