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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">39520</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/1993-1859-2016-11-2-82-88</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The influence of constant slight myopic defocus prescribed in the binocular and alternating monocular spectacle formats on the onset and progression of myopia in the children</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние постоянной слабомиопической дефокусировки в бинокулярном и монокулярном альтернирующем очковом формате на течение миопии у детей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarutta</surname><given-names>E. P</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарутта</surname><given-names>Е. П</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodzhabekyan</surname><given-names>N. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходжабекян</surname><given-names>Н. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filinova</surname><given-names>O. B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филинова</surname><given-names>О. Б</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Milash</surname><given-names>Sergei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милаш</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>ophthalmologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач офтальмолог</p></bio><email>sergey_milash@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kruzhkova</surname><given-names>G. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кружкова</surname><given-names>Г. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Московский НИИ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Municipal Children’s Polyclinic No 133, Moscow Health Departmnet</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Детская городская поликлиника № 133» Департамента здравоохранения Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 11, NO2 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 11, №2 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-22"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/39520">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/39520</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. To elucidate the long-term influence of constant slight myopic defocus prescribed in the binocular and the alternating monocular spectacle formats on the dynamics of refraction and its components in the children. Material and methods. The study involved 129 children (258 eyes) at the age varying from 5 to 12 years. The patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 was comprised of 48 children at the age of 5-8 years presenting with emmetropia and risk factors of the development of myopia. Group 2 consisted of 46 children at the age from 7 to 11 years with slight myopia between -0.75 and -2.25 D to whom the alternating continuous wearing of two pairs of spectacles was prescribed. The first control group was composed of 15 children (30 eyes) at the age from 6 to 9 (mean 7.5 ± 1.4) years presenting with pseudomyopia without correction. The second control group was comprised of 20 children (40 eyes) at the age from 7 to 12 (mean 9.7 ± 1.2) years having slight myopia and wearing conventional spectacle correction. Results. The children of group 1subjected to constant slight myopic defocus during one month experienced a shift of refraction toward hypermetropia attributable to the thinning of the lens and deepening of the anterior chamber. None of the children in this group developed myopia during the follow-up period of up to 9 years. In the patients of group 2, refraction remained unaltered during either 4 years (81.8% of the cases) or 7 years (66.6% of the cases). An insignificant increase in the length of the antero-posterior axis was documented in these children along with the significant increase of the horizontal diameter (HD) of the eyeball. The dynamic observation of the children of both control groups during 3 years has demonstrated the strengthening of cycloplegic refraction associated with the significant increase of the length of the antero-posterior axis and the insignificant increase of the transverse diameter of the eyeball. Conclusion. The permanent slight myopic defocusing of the image in the binocular spectacle format slows down the growth of the eyes and the shift of refraction toward myopia in the children with mild hypermetropia, emmetropia, and slight myopia. The proposed method for alternating monolateral constant slight myopic defocus inhibits progression of myopia in 81.8% of the children presenting with mild myopia during 4 years and in 66.6% of them during 7 years.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель: изучить влияние постоянной дозированной слабомиопической дефокусировки в билатеральном и монолатеральном альтернирующем очковом формате на динамику рефракции и ее компонентов у детей в отдаленные сроки. Материал и методы. 129 детей (258 глаз) в возрасте от 5 до 12 лет были разделены на 4 группы. Первая группа - 48 детей в возрасте 5-8 лет с эмметропией и факторами риска развития близорукости. Вторая группа - 46 детей в возрасте 7-11 лет со слабой миопией, носивших альтернирующую монолатеральную слабомиопическую дефокусировку. Первую контрольную группу составили 15 детей (30 глаз) в возрасте от 6 до 9 лет (в среднем 7,5±1,4 года) с псевдомиопией без коррекции. Вторая контрольная группа состояла из 20 детей (40 глаз) в возрасте от 7 до 12 лет (в среднем 9,7±1,2 года) с миопией слабой степени, носившие монофокальные очки. Результаты. У детей первой группы в условиях постоянной слабомиопической дефокусировки уже через 1 месяц происходил сдвиг рефракции в сторону гиперметропии, обусловленный уменьшением толщины хрусталика и углублением передней камеры. Ни в одном случае не было отмечено возникновения миопии в прослеженный период до 9 лет. У пациентов второй группы рефракция оставалась стабильной в 81,8% случаев в течение 4-летнего срока наблюдения и в 66,6% в течение 7-летнего срока наблюдения; выявлено недостоверное увеличение передне-задней оси и достоверное увеличение поперечного диаметра глазного яблока. У детей контрольных групп динамическое наблюдение в течение 3 лет обнаружило усиление циклоплегической рефракции с достоверным увеличением переднезадней оси и недостоверным увеличением поперечного диаметра. Выводы. Постоянная слабомиопическая дефокусировка изображения в бинокулярном очковом формате тормозит рост глаза и сдвиг рефракции в сторону миопии у детей со слабой гиперметропией, эмметропией и миопией слабой степени. Разработанный нами метод альтернирующей монолатеральной слабомиопической дефокусировки тормозит прогрессирование миопии у 81,8% детей с миопией слабой степени в течение 4-х лет и 66,6% - в течение 7 лет.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>emmetropia</kwd><kwd>dynamics of refraction</kwd><kwd>myopia</kwd><kwd>optical defocus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эмметропизация</kwd><kwd>динамика рефракции</kwd><kwd>близорукость</kwd><kwd>оптический дефокус</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lin L.L.K., Shih Y.F., Hsiao C.K., Chen C.J. Prevalence of myopia in Taiwanese schoolchildren: 1983 to 2000. Ann. Acad. Med. 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