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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">39562</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18821/1993-1859-2017-12-3-153-162</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE APPLICATION OF TYPE A BOTULINUM TOXIN FOR THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF STRABISMUS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ БОТУЛИНИЧЕСКОГО ТОКСИНА ТИПА А В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С РАЗЛИЧНЫМИ ВИДАМИ КОСОГЛАЗИЯ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>E. L</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>Елена Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>cand. med. sci, associate professor of the Department of Ophthalmology, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Saint-Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры офтальмологии ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России, 194100, Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><email>elena.efi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 12, NO3 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 12, №3 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-07-22"><day>22</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/39562">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/39562</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The use of type A botulinum toxin (BTX-A) for the treatment of strabismus was for the first time proposed in the early 1980s by the American ophthalmologist Alan Scott. The earliest applications of the botulinum toxin in the clinical practice included the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm. The use of this agent can be particularly useful in the situations where the surgical treatment of strabismus is either undesirable or impracticable for one or another reasons; moreover, injections of BTX-A were successfully used to treat the patients presenting with severe diplopia. The results of the application of the botulinum toxin reported by different authors vary considerably which dictates the necessity of a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying its action and their further investigation. The commonest complications of therapy with this medication are a temporary ptosis and vertical deviation. The systemic complications of BTX-A application have never been documented; its repeated injections are believed to be safe for the patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Использование ботулотоксина А (БТ-А) в лечении косоглазия впервые было предложено еще в начале 80-х годов XX века американским офтальмологом Alan Scott. В клинической практике впервые ботулотоксин был использован для лечения косоглазия и блефароспазма. Его использование может быть особенно полезно в ситуациях, когда проведение хирургического лечения косоглазия нежелательно или невозможно по ряду причин, а также инъекции ботулотоксина А позволяют избавить пациентов от тяжелой диплопии. Результаты использования ботулотоксина значительно различаются по данным разных авторов, что и послужило причиной более глубокого изучения нами этого вопроса. Распространенными осложнениями при применении данного препарата являются временный птоз и вертикальные девиации. Системных осложнений при использовании ботулотоксина А не выявлено, использование его повторно - безопасно.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>strabismus</kwd><kwd>type A botulinum toxin</kwd><kwd>hemodenervation</kwd><kwd>oculomotor disorders</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>косоглазие</kwd><kwd>ботулинический токсин типа А</kwd><kwd>хемоденервация</kwd><kwd>глазодвигательные нарушения</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Adams R.J., Hall H.L., Courage M.L. Long-term visual pathology in children with significant complications. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 2005; 47(9): 598-602.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Donnelly U.M., Stewart N.M., Hollinger M. Prevalence and outcomes of childhood visual disorders. Ophthalm. 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