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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">567816</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rpoj567816</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Blepharoptosis: diagnostics and significance of dynamometry for optimizing the treatment of upper lid drooping</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Блефароптоз: классификация, диагностика и значимость динамометрии для оптимизации тактики лечения опущения верхнего века</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-4980</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1797-9875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>Ирина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p></bio><email>filatova13@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2848-0686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratieva</surname><given-names>Julia P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Юлия Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>oftal-julia@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4608-5754</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4397-4425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shemetov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеметов</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>sergeyshemetov87@gmail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0770-4882</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7585-6246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trefilova</surname><given-names>Marina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трефилова</surname><given-names>Марина Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, graduate student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант</p></bio><email>gomfozis@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НМИЦ глазных болезней имени Гельмгольца</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-28"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-28"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-07-28"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/567816">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/567816</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ptosis of the upper eyelid remains the most common pathology of the auxiliary apparatus of the eye in children and adults alike. Presently, there are no methods of pharmacological correction for the omission of the upper eyelid; hence, only surgical treatment is available. However, the recommended surgery has been associated with unsatisfactory outcomes in 8–26% of all patients. There are several directions of surgical treatment of blepharoptosis, depending on the main cause of its development and degree, such as operations on the muscle that raises the upper eyelid (levator resection, recession, levatoroplasty with the formation of a duplicate of the levator) and its tendons (aponeurosis); operations on the tarsal plate; and “suspension type” operations. Despite the large number of approaches to surgical treatment available for blepharoptosis they are associated with a high risk of hypo and hyper side effects. Therefore, it is not always possible to eliminate the existing changes or damage in different types of ptosis, which may raise the need for a reoperation, which is quite complicated. The standard linear methods for determining the biometric parameters of the mobility of the upper eyelid and degree of ptosis conducted in the preoperative period do not always result in good outcomes. In fact, no reliable criteria allow the prediction of the outcome of surgical treatment with a high degree of probability and planning the volume of surgery. Therefore, it is extremely likely that the addition of dynamometric analysis of the contractile activity of the upper eyelid lifting and tarsal muscles to the scheme of preoperative diagnosis of blepharoptosis, as well as the continuation and intensification of research aimed at creating the doctrine of the pathomorphology of upper eyelid prolapse in the future, will serve as the key factors contributing to the improvement of the results of surgical treatment of blepharoptosis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Птоз верхнего века остаётся самой распространённой патологией вспомогательного аппарата глаза как у детей, так и среди взрослого населения. В настоящее время неизвестно способов терапевтической коррекции опущения верхнего века. Возможно только оперативное лечение данного заболевания. Однако после хирургического вмешательства регистрируются неудовлетворительные результаты у 8–26% пациентов. Существует несколько направлений оперативного лечения блефароптоза, таких как операции на мышце, поднимающей верхнее веко (резекция леватора, рецессия, леваторопластика с формированием дубликатуры леватора и т.д.) и её сухожилии (апоневроз), операции на тарзальной пластинке, операции «подвешивающего типа».</p> <p>В случае хирургического лечения блефароптоза остаётся высокий процент гипо- и гиперэффектов. Стандартные линейные методы определения биометрических параметров подвижности верхнего века и степени птоза, проводимые в предоперационный период, не всегда дают хорошие результаты<bold><italic>. </italic></bold>Отсутствуют надёжные критерии, позволяющие с высокой долей вероятности прогнозировать исход хирургического лечения и планировать объём операции.</p> <p>Вероятно, применение на предоперационном этапе динамометрического анализа сократительной активности мышцы, поднимающей верхнее веко, и верхней тарзальной мышцы, а также углубление изучения патоморфологии опущения верхнего века, послужат ключевыми факторами улучшения результатов хирургического лечения блефароптоза.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blepharoptosis</kwd><kwd>muscle lifting the upper eyelid</kwd><kwd>upper tarsal muscle</kwd><kwd>dynamometry</kwd><kwd>pathomorphology of blepharoptosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>блефароптоз</kwd><kwd>мышца, поднимающая верхнее веко</kwd><kwd>верхняя тарзальная мышца</kwd><kwd>динамометрия</kwd><kwd>патоморфология блефароптоза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sridharan GV, Tallis RC, Leatherbarrow B, Forman WM. 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