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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">625491</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rpoj625491</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Microstructural changes in the retina in children with retinopathy of prematurity according to optical coherence tomography. Literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Микроструктурные изменения сетчатки у детей с ретинопатией недоношенных по данным оптической когерентной томографии. Обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7615-2057</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6919-0545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khlopkova</surname><given-names>Yuliya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хлопкова</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры</p></bio><email>yulyahlopkova95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kogoleva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коголева</surname><given-names>Людмила Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук</p></bio><email>kogoleva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-3135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>Владимир Ильич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук</p></bio><email>sibvil@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Altai State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Алтайский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-14"><day>14</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-06-04"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/625491">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/625491</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a crucial problem in modern ophthalmology. ROP is a vasoproliferative disease of the eyes in premature infants. Approximately 50,000 children worldwide have become blind because of ROP. The determining indicator in the development of visual acuity is the morphofunctional state of the macula, structural changes of which can lead to disturbances in its functions and, consequently, decreased vision.</p> <p>The present review analyzed available OCT (optical coherence tomography) data on the morphometric and structural state of the retina in children with ROP. Morphometric features of the macular zone in children in the scar period of ROP can be presented by an increase in retinal thickness in the center of the fovea and changes in the profile of the macula by smoothness or absence of foveal depression. These are more pronounced in children after laser coagulation of the retina in the active phase of ROP and in very premature babies. In some cases with increased retinal thickness in the center of the fovea, the presence of internal layers and an increase in the thickness of the outer nuclear layer are noted. Structural features of the macula with favorable outcomes of RP can be expressed by traction displacement of the foveola, photoreceptor layer thinning and pigment epithelium unevenness, intra and epiretinal fibrosis, choriocapillaris layer atrophy, discontinuity of the connection of the outer and internal segments of the photoreceptors and the pigment epithelium–choriocapillaris complex, and central retinoschisis. Furthermore, this review presents mixed results from studies on the impact of structural changes in the macula in cicatricial ROP on visual function.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ретинопатия недоношенных (РН) представляет собой вазопролиферативное заболевание глаз недоношенных детей. Около 50 000 детей во всем мире стали слепыми в результате перенесённой РН. Определяющим показателем в развитии остроты зрения является морфофункциональное состояние макулы, структурные изменения которой могут приводить к нарушениям её функций, и, следовательно, к снижению зрения.</p> <p>В обзоре проведён анализ сведений, полученных с помощью оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) о морфометрическом и структурном состоянии сетчатки у детей с РН. Морфометрические особенности макулярной зоны у детей в рубцовом периоде РН могут быть представлены в виде увеличения толщины сетчатки в центре фовеа, изменения профиля макулы в виде сглаженности или отсутствия фовеальной депрессии. Причём эти изменения более выражены у детей после проведённой лазерной коагуляции сетчатки в активной фазе РН и глубоконедоношенных детей. При увеличенной толщине сетчатки в центре фовеа в некоторых случаях отмечается наличие внутренних слоёв, а также увеличение толщины наружного ядерного слоя. Структурные особенности макулы при благоприятных исходах РН могут быть выражены в виде: тракционного смещения фовеолы, истончения слоя фоторецепторов и неравномерности пигментного эпителия, интра- и эпиретинального фиброза, атрофии хориокапиллярного слоя, прерывистости соединения наружных и внутренних сегментов фоторецепторов и комплекса «пигментный эпителий – хориокапилляры», эпиретинальный фиброза, а также центрального ретиношизиса. В обзоре также представлены неоднозначные результаты исследований о влиянии структурных изменений макулы при рубцовой РН на зрительные функции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>retinopathy of prematurity</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ретинопатия недоношенных</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blencowe H, Lawn JE, Vazquez T, et al. Preterm-associated visual impairment and estimates of retinopathy of prematurity at regional and global levels for 2010. Pediatr Res. 2013;74(1):35–49. doi: 10.1038/pr.2013.205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blencowe H., Lawn J.E., Vazquez T., et al. 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