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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">655822</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rpoj655822</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TDHHWP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Peripheral contrast sensitivity and its contribution to myopia onset</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Периферическая контрастная чувствительность и её роль в развитии миопии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6522-5310</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9095-2169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratova</surname><given-names>Svetlana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратова</surname><given-names>Светлана Эдуардовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>svetlana26.03@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>139</fpage><lpage>145</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-12"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-27"><day>27</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-11"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/655822">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/655822</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Visual information is central to eye growth and development of myopia. Research into genetic and environmental factors promoting myopia has shown that abnormal contrast signaling between adjacent retinal cones is able to cause axial elongation of the eye globe. Patients with myopia show increased contrast sensitivity in mid-peripheral fields of vision, which can promote myopia progression during the active eye growth in children. High myopia, which is associated with the LVAVA and LIAVA haplotypes of the opsin gene, is believed to be explained by disruption of signaling that is triggered by light absorption by photopigments located in L- and M-cones and that regulates emmetropization. Bipolar cells have receptive fields around their centers that activate contrast produced by distinct images. Their lowest activity was observed in response to blurred images, when the light is evenly distributed across the receptive field. The light affecting a cone normally causes it to hyperpolarize; however, this process may be affected by feedback from adjacent cones that are also activated when the lighting is homogeneous. The studies evidence that not only myopic or hyperopic image defocus contribute greatly to abnormal eye growth, but also changes in contrast sensitivity in the near peripheral retina. Therefore, studies of optical correction methods, i.e., of peripheral defocus and peripheral contrast–modulating spectacles and contact lenses, are ongoing.</p> <p>Thus, peripheral contrast sensitivity is essential in visual adaptation and eye growth. Changes in peripheral contrast sensitivity may promote myopic refractive response, adding to peripheral defocus. This opens up opportunities for further development of optical methods for management of progressive myopia in children.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Визуальная информация играет важную роль в рефрактогенезе и развитии миопии. Изучение генетического и средового вкладов в её развитие выявило, что аномальная передача контрастных сигналов между соседними колбочками сетчатки может стимулировать аксиальное удлинение глазного яблока. У пациентов с миопией обнаружено повышение контрастной чувствительности на средней периферии полей зрения, что может способствовать её прогрессированию в период активного роста глаз ребёнка. Полагают, что миопию высокой степени, связанную с гаплотипами LVAVA и LIAVA гена опсина, можно объяснить нарушением сигналов, управляющих процессом эмметропизации, которые инициируются поглощением света фотопигментами, локализованными в L- и M-колбочках. Биполярные клетки имеют рецептивные поля, расположенные вокруг центра, которые активирует контраст, создаваемый чёткими изображениями. Отмечена меньшая активность в ответ на размытые изображения, при которых свет равномерно распределён по рецептивному полю. Свет, попадающий на колбочку, обычно вызывает её гиперполяризацию, однако этот процесс может быть изменён за счёт обратной связи от соседних колбочек, которые также активируются при равномерном освещении. Исследования показывают, что не только миопический или гиперметропический дефокус изображения, но и изменение контрастности в зоне ближней периферии сетчатки играют ключевую роль в механизмах аномального рефрактогенеза. Именно поэтому продолжают изучение оптических методов коррекции, основанных на использовании очков или контактных линз, создающих периферический дефокус и изменяющих периферический контраст.</p> <p>Таким образом, периферическая контрастная чувствительность играет важную роль в механизмах зрительной адаптации и рефрактогенеза. Её изменения могут оказывать влияние на формирование миопического рефракционного ответа, дополняя действие периферического дефокуса. Это открывает новые перспективы для разработки оптических методов контроля прогрессирующей миопии у детей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>myopia</kwd><kwd>highly aspherical lenslets</kwd><kwd>peripheral contrast sensitivity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>миопия</kwd><kwd>высокоасферические линзы</kwd><kwd>периферическая контрастная чувствительность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wolffsohn JS, Whayeb Y, Logan NS, et al. IMI–global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice — 2022 Update. Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 2023;64(6):6. doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.6 Corrected and republished from: Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 2023;65(5):12. doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.5.12</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Aleman AC, Wang M, Schaeffel F. 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