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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">688884</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rpoj688884</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DHAWYH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Combined hamartoma of retina and retinal pigment epithelium in children: clinical features</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Комбинированная гамартома сетчатки и ретинального пигментного эпителия у детей: особенности клинической картины</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-0374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Katargina</surname><given-names>Lyudmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Катаргина</surname><given-names>Людмила Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>katargina@igb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-6249</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4111-4330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Денисова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>deale_2006@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-6910</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5872-6819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>Nataliya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>Наталья Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>natashamma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3250-4065</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4045-0569</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Getadaryan</surname><given-names>Vostan R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гетадарян</surname><given-names>Востан Рафаелович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>oftalmolog77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases named after Helmholtz</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней имени Гельмгольца</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>163</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-26"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-11-09"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/688884">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/688884</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Hamartomas (from the Greek hamartia—error) are developmental anomalies caused by abnormal proliferation of cells in their physiological location. Among them, combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is of particular interest due to its rarity, diverse clinical manifestations and the challenges associated with interpreting instrumental diagnostic findings.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The work aimed to analyze the differential diagnostic features of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium in children based on clinical examination and optical coherence tomography data.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A single-center, cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted. The study included medical records of patients examined at the Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases between 2016 and 2025. Clinical and morphological characteristics of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium in children were analyzed with emphasis on identifying a set of differential diagnostic criteria.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The study included 14 children (16 eyes) with a confirmed diagnosis of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. The age of the children at examination ranged from 1.4 to 8 years, with a mean of 6 ± 2.8 years. The retrospective analysis revealed that the most typical manifestation of combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium was the presence of an epiretinal membrane. In some cases, signs of traction syndrome were observed, characterized by specific retinal architectural changes on optical coherence tomography: mini-peaks, maxi-peaks, the “omega sign” and the “shark teeth” phenomenon. In addition, some patients exhibited retinal thickening at the site of the hamartoma, the development of choroidal neovascularization and other traction-related changes. These findings confirm that the combination of ophthalmoscopic appearance, patient history and structural characteristics identified by optical coherence tomography provides the most comprehensive assessment of disease course and allows differentiation from vitreoretinal traction syndromes of other etiologies.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium is a very rare, often unilateral developmental anomaly of the retina that can lead to significant visual loss in cases with central fundus involvement. The condition has characteristic ophthalmoscopic and optical coherence tomography features, knowledge of which enables timely diagnosis and appropriate management of affected patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Гамартомы (от греч. <italic>hamartia</italic> — ошибка) представляют пороки развития, обусловленные аномальной пролиферацией клеток в области их физиологической локализации. Среди них особый интерес вызывает комбинированная гамартома сетчатки и ретинального пигментного эпителия, характеризующаяся редкой встречаемостью, разнообразием клинических проявлений и сложностями интерпретации инструментальных методов исследования.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Анализ дифференциально-диагностических признаков комбинированной гамартомы сетчатки и ретинального пигментного эпителия у детей на основании данных клинического обследования и оптической когерентной томографии.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено одноцентровое одномоментное ретроспективное исследование. В исследование включали данные медицинской документации пациентов, проходивших обследование в Национальном медицинском исследовательском центре глазных болезней имени Гельмгольца в период с 2016 по 2025 год. Анализировали особенности клинических и морфологических признаков комбинированной гамартомы сетчатки и ретинального пигментного эпителия у детей с выделением совокупности дифференциально-диагностических критериев.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В исследование включено 14 детей (16 глаз) с подтверждённым диагнозом комбинированной гамартомы сетчатки и ретинального пигментного эпителия. Возраст детей на момент обследования варьировал от 1,4 года до 8 лет, составив в среднем 6±2,8 года. По данным проведённого ретроспективного анализа выявлено, что наиболее характерными проявлениями комбинированной гамартомы сетчатки и ретинального пигментного эпителия является наличие эпиретинальной мембраны. В некоторых случаях регистрировали признаки тракционного синдрома, проявлявшиеся характерными изменениями архитектоники сетчатки по данным оптической когерентной томографии: мини-пики, макси-пики, феномен «знак омега», а также «зубы акулы». Кроме того, у части пациентов отмечали утолщение сетчатки в зоне гамартомы, формирование хориоидальной неоваскуляризации и другие изменения, связанные с тракционным синдромом. Полученные данные подтверждают, что совокупность офтальмоскопической картины, анамнестических сведений и структурных характеристик по данным оптической когерентной томографии позволяют наиболее комплексно оценить особенности течения заболевания и дифференцировать его с витреоретинальными тракционными синдромами другой этиологии.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Комбинированная гамартома сетчатки и ретинального пигментного эпителия — крайне редкая, чаще монолатеральная аномалия развития сетчатки, которая является причиной значимого снижения остроты зрения в случаях центральной локализации на глазном дне. Заболевание имеет характерную офтальмоскопическую картину и признаки, выявляемые по данным оптической когерентной томографии, знание которых позволяет своевременно установить диагноз и выбрать правильную тактику ведения таких пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комбинированная гамартома сетчатки и пигментного эпителия</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Batsakis JG. Nomenclature of Developmental Tumors. Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology. 1984;93(1):98–99. doi: 10.1177/000348948409300122</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Mirzayev I, Gündüz AK. 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