<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">701924</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rpoj701924</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HUDQHE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of rectus extraocular muscle surgery on choroidal thickness</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование влияния хирургического вмешательства на прямых глазодвигательных мышцах на параметры толщины сосудистой оболочки глаза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-4518</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8828-5150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarutta</surname><given-names>Elena P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарутта</surname><given-names>Елена Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>elenatarutta@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8383-0127</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1032-8283</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stalmakhova</surname><given-names>Regina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стальмахова</surname><given-names>Регина Расуловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>reginahubieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-1256</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1640-0173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apaev</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апаев</surname><given-names>Александр Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>doc229@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3300-9959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khvedelidze</surname><given-names>Tebrone Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хведелидзе</surname><given-names>Теброне Зауриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>tebro2011@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3553-9896</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5224-4319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Milash</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милаш</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>sergey_milash@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8646-7141</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3396-2888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Papyan</surname><given-names>Violetta N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Папян</surname><given-names>Виолетта Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>violettapapyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases named after Helmholtz</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр глазных болезней имени Гельмгольца</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-06"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-05-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/701924">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/701924</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The blood supply to the choroid involves the anterior ciliary arteries running along the rectus extraocular muscles; during surgery, they are inevitably cut, which may affect the blood supply to the posterior pole.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to assess the effect of rectus extraocular muscle surgery on choroidal thickness in the center and 3 mm and 6 mm from the fovea, with follow-up of up to 1 month.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study enrolled 38 patients aged 5 to 60 years (mean age: 22.5 ± 18.2 years). The operated eyes with oculomotor disorders (40 eyes) were examined, fellow eyes were controls (36 eyes). Choroidal thickness was measured using the RS-3000 Advance 2 spectral domain OCT system (Nidek, Japan). Significance of differences was determined using the standard Student t test.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Choroidal thickness of the operated eyes tended to increase after surgery in all circles and segments, but the difference failed to reach statistical significance (<italic>p</italic> = 0.2). Examination of the fellow eyes revealed no changes in the choroidal thickness after surgery. The delta (Δ) choroidal thickness was found to depend on the surgery, with the greatest positive Δ revealed in the subgroup of patients with two operated muscles. One month postoperatively, choroidal thickness was lower in all circles and segments compared with the early postoperative period, but did not returned to the preoperative values.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The performed study demonstrated that strabismus surgery is associated with a transient increase in choroidal thickness in the early postoperative period, which is the greatest when two rectus extraocular muscles are operated. Transient and no changes in the fellow eyes confirm the safety of state-of-the-art strabismus surgery techniques. Choroidal thickness decreases 1 month postoperatively, but does not reach the baseline values, which suggests ongoing recovery.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Кровоснабжение хориоидеи имеет связь с передними цилиарными артериями, которые проходят внутри прямых глазодвигательных мышц и неизбежно пересекаются во время хирургических вмешательств, что может отражаться на кровоснабжении заднего полюса глаза.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования. </bold>Изучить влияние хирургического вмешательства на прямых глазодвигательных мышцах на толщину сосудистой оболочки в центральной области, а также в кольцах 3 и 6 мм с наблюдением до 1 мес.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> В исследование включены 38 пациентов в возрасте от 5 до 60 лет (в среднем 22,5±18,2 года). Исследовали оперированные глаза пациентов с глазодвигательной патологией (40 глаз), парные глаза служили группой контроля (36 глаз). Толщину хориоидеи определяли при помощи спектрального оптического когерентного томографа RS-3000 Advance 2 (Nidek, Япония). Уровень достоверности различий определяли по стандартному t-критерию Стьюдента.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В оперированных глазах выявлена некоторая тенденция к увеличению толщины хориоидеи после операции во всех кольцах и сегментах, но разница не достигла статистической значимости (<italic>р</italic>=0,2). При обследовании парных глаз не обнаружено изменений толщины хориоидеи после операции. Выявлена разница динамики толщины сосудистой оболочки в зависимости от объёма хирургического вмешательства (Δ): в подгруппе с операцией на двух глазных мышцах выявлена наибольшая положительная Δ. Через 1 мес. после операции толщина хориоидеи была ниже во всех кольцах и сегментах по сравнению с ранним послеоперационным периодом, но всё ещё не вернулась к дооперационным значениям.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Проведённое исследование продемонстрировало, что хирургия косоглазия сопровождается транзиторным увеличением толщины хориоидеи в раннем послеоперационном периоде, наиболее выраженным при вмешательствах на двух прямых глазодвигательных мышцах. Транзиторный характер изменений и отсутствие изменений в парных глазах подтверждают безопасность современных методик хирургии косоглазия. Через 1 мес. после операции толщина сосудистой оболочки снижается, но не достигает исходных значений, что указывает на продолжающиеся восстановительные процессы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>choroid</kwd><kwd>strabismus surgery</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>хориоидея</kwd><kwd>хирургическое исправление косоглазия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Аветисов Э.С. Содружественное косоглазие. М.: Медицина. 1977. 312 c. | Avetisov ES. Sodruzhestvennoe kosoglazie [Concomitant Strabismus]. Moscow: Medicina; 1977. 312 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Аветисов Э.С., Ковалевский Е.И., Хватова А.В. Руководство по детской офтальмологии. М.: Медицина. 1987. 496 с. | Avetisov ES, Kovalevsky EI, Khvatova AV. Rukovodstvo po detskoy oftalmologii [A Guide to Pediatric Ophthalmology]. Moscow: Medicina, 1987. 496 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Saunders RA, Bluestein EC, Edward Wilson M, Berland JE. Anterior segment ischemia after strabismus surgery. Surv Ophthalmol. 1994;38(5):456-466. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(94)90175-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>McKeown CA, Lambert HM, Shore JW. Preservation of the anterior ciliary vessels during extraocular muscle surgery. Ophthalmology. 1989;96(4):498-506. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(89)32867-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Nickla DL, Wallman J. The multifunctional choroid. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2010;29(2):144-168. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.12.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Feczko EJ, Bliss-Moreau E, Walum H, et al. The Macaque Social Responsiveness Scale (mSRS): A Rapid Screening Tool for Assessing Variability in the Social Responsiveness of Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta). PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0145956. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145956</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Velez FG, Davila JP, Diaz A, et al. Association of Change in Iris Vessel Density in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography with Anterior Segment Ischemia After Strabismus Surgery. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;136(9):1041-1045 doi: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2018.2766</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Pineles SL, Chang MY, Oltra EL, et al. Anterior segment ischemia: etiology, assessment, and management. Eye (Lond). 2018;32(2):173-178. doi: 10.1038/eye.2017.248</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Akyüz Unsal AI, Unsal A, Özkan SB, Karaman CZ. The effect of strabismus surgery on retrobulbar hemodynamics. J AAPOS. 2007;11(3):277-281. doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2006.12.059</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Pelit A, Barutçu O, Oto S, Aydin P. Investigation of hemodynamic changes after strabismus surgery using color Doppler imaging. J AAPOS. 2002;6(4):224-227. doi: 10.1067/mpa.2002.124901</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou JQ, Fu J, Li JP, et al. Retinal vascular diameter changes assessed with a computer-assisted software after strabismus surgery. Int J Ophthalmol. 2020;13(4):620-624. doi: 10.18240/ijo.2020.04.14 EDN: VEEIAZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Chen HS, Liu CH, Lu DW. Comparison of glaucoma diagnostic accuracy of macular ganglion cell complex thickness based on nonhighly myopic and highly myopic normative database. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2016;6(1):15-20. doi: 10.1016/j.tjo.2016.01.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Flores-Moreno I, Lugo F, Duker JS, Ruiz-Moreno JM. The relationship between axial length and choroidal thickness in eyes with high myopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155(2):314-319.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.07.015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Mintz HR, Waisbourd M, Kessner R, et al. Macular Thickness Following Strabismus Surgery as Determined by Optical Coherence Tomography. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2016;53(1):11-15. doi: 10.3928/01913913-20160113-07</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Atalay HT, Arıbaş YK, Üçgül AY, Özmen MC. Subfoveal choroidal thickness change following strabismus surgery. Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi. 2019;20(1):183-187. doi: 10.18229/kocatepetip.575058</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Guler Alis M, Alış A. Influence of one or two horizontal muscle surgeries on OCT findings. Strabismus. 2021;29(3):182-188. doi: 10.1080/09273972.2021.1948075 EDN: FUMQCW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Huseyinhan Z., Ozcaliskan S., Gurez C., Artunay O. Retinal and choroidal microvasculature is altered after strabismus surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2023;33(2):774-778. doi: 10.1177/11206721221137156 EDN: TVOWDI</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Xiao D, Cao T, Meng Y, et al. Changes in retinal and choroidal blood flow after one or two horizontal rectus muscle surgeries by optical coherence tomography angiography. Ann Med. 2023;55(2):2261494. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2261494 EDN: ADUEVZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Meng Y, Xu Y, Xiao D., et al. Assessment of retinal and choroidal microcirculation after unilateral recession-resection surgery for horizontal strabismus by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):19247. doi: 110.1038/s41598-023-46670-3 EDN: GGPVAY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Yasuda S, Takai Y, Yasuda Y, et al. Quantitative Evaluation of Changes in Retinal and Choroidal Blood Flow Following Strabismus Surgery. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2025;14(3):12. doi: 10.1167/tvst.14.3.12 EDN: JUFAWB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Yetkin AA, Simsek A. Evaluation of choroidal thickness before and after strabismus surgery in paediatric patients by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Niger J Clin Pract. 2020;23(9):1243-1247. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_500_19 EDN: SFZZLY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Yetkin AA. Effect of inferior oblique muscle myomectomy on choroidal and macular thicknesses in strabismus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023;41:103283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103283 EDN: ZRTCQQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Yetkin AA, Şimşek A. The effect of strabismus surgery performed by preserving the anterior ciliary vessels on the choroid in pediatric patients. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023;42:103597. doi: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103597 EDN: XLNVFG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Inan K, Niyaz L. The effect of strabismus surgery on choroidal thickness. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2018;28(3):268-271. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5001025</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
