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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российская педиатрическая офтальмология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-1859</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-432X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">70982</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/rpoj70982</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Nystagmus: prevalence, classification, pathogenesis. (Literature review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нистагм: распространенность, классификация, патогенез. (Обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-1256</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1640-0173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Apaev</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Апаев</surname><given-names>Александр Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research associate</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>doc229@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НМИЦ глазных болезней им. Гельмгольца</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-11-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-25"><day>25</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-06-21"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/70982">https://ruspoj.com/1993-1859/article/view/70982</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides information on the prevalence of nystagmus in the Russian Federation and the world. However, the lack of standards for data collection and the very understanding of the definition of “optical nystagmus” is the reason for the variation in prevalence values in different sources.</p> <p>Additionally, the article presents various classifications of nystagmus. Currently, there are many different classifications, and the most commonly used examples are given. The classification of eye movement disorders and strabismus, adopted by the working group in 2001 (Classification of Eye Movement Abnormalities and Strabismus — CEMAS), is used worldwide. In our country, the most popular was the classification proposed by E.S. Avetisov (2001).</p> <p>Various sources have suggested quite contradictory data on the nature of the onset and the mechanism of development of nystagmus. Recently, the issues related to the pathogenesis of nystagmus have been revised. The theories that existed at the end of the last century were not substantiated in modern works. The pathogenesis of optic nystagmus remains less studied due to its complexity and ambiguity. The investigations continue to find the relationship between the pathology of the central nervous system and functional disorders of visual functions. The question of the relationship between visual acuity and nystagmus remains unclear. Does a decrease in vision cause nystagmus? How do oscillatory movements in nystagmus affect visual functions? This article encompasses the main areas of this issue. However, despite a significant step in understanding the causes of the development of nystagmus, this pathology remains insufficiently studied. This prompts many researchers and practicing doctors to study its pathogenesis further</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлена информация о распространённости нистагма в Российской Федерации и в мире. Однако отсутствие стандартов сбора данных и самого понимания определения «оптический нистагм» являются причиной разброса значений распространённости в различных источниках.</p> <p>Представлены различные классификации нистагма. Приведены примеры наиболее часто используемых классификаций. За рубежом распространена классификация глазодвигательных нарушений и косоглазия, принятая рабочей группой в ٢٠٠١ году (Classification of Eye Movement Abnormalities and Strabismus — CEMAS). В нашей стране наибольшую популярность приобрела классификация, предложенная Аветисовым Э.С. (2001).</p> <p>В различных источниках встречаются достаточно противоречивые данные о природе возникновения и механизме развития нистагма. В последнее время пересматриваются вопросы, связанные с патогенезом нистагма. Существовавшие в конце прошлого века теории не находят подтверждения в современных работах. Патогенез оптического нистагма остаётся менее изученным ввиду своей сложности и неоднозначности. Продолжаются поиски причинно-следственных связей между патологией ЦНС, органическими и функциональными нарушениями зрительных функций. Остаётся открытым вопрос о взаимосвязи остроты зрения и нистагма. В статье собраны основные направления исследований данного вопроса. Несмотря на значительный шаг в понимании причин развития нистагма, данная патология остаётся недостаточно освещённой и побуждает многих исследователей и практикующих врачей к дальнейшему изучению его патогенеза</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis of nystagmus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>распространённость</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>патогенез нистагма</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leigh RJ, Zee DS: The Neurology of Eye Movements, edn 3. 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