Structure and Magnetic Properties of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Subjected to Mechanical Treatment

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Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been fabricated using the electric wire explosion (EWE) technique. The structure and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles have been analyzed before and after mechanical grinding in a ball mill for different time periods, focusing on potential bioapplications. The phase composition of the nanoparticles (70% Fe3O4, 30% Fe2O3) has remained unchanged despite the mechanical effects. The average nanoparticle size has not been affected either. The observation of the Verwey transition in the studied nanoparticles, along with the structural data, provides a better understanding of the physical properties of EWE ensembles of nanoparticles in different states. The analysis of the structure and magnetic properties reveals the development of a material with a high level of internal stress. This finding may be of interest for bioapplications due to its potential impact on the material performance.

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About the authors

G. V. Kurlyandskaya

Ural Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: galinakurlyandskaya@urfu.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

E. A. Burban

Ural Federal University

Email: galinakurlyandskaya@urfu.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

D. S. Neznakhin

Ural Federal University

Email: galinakurlyandskaya@urfu.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

A. A. Yushkov

Ural Federal University

Email: galinakurlyandskaya@urfu.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

A. Larrañaga

Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU

Email: galinakurlyandskaya@urfu.ru
Spain, Leioa

G. Yu. Melnikov

Ural Federal University

Email: galinakurlyandskaya@urfu.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

A. V. Svalov

Ural Federal University

Email: galinakurlyandskaya@urfu.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. TPL EWP images of the investigated batch: SEM (a) and TEM (b); SEM (c) image of commercial Alfa Aesar microparticles investigated for comparison with TPL EWPs

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3. Fig. 2. XRD EWP of iron oxide nanoparticles. a - h0, initial state; the peaks of Fe3O4 magnetite and Fe2O3 maghemite are marked by vertical blue and green lines; b - h1, state after 1 h of mechanical treatment; the peaks of Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3, FeO and Fe are marked by vertical blue, green, red and purple lines, respectively; c - h7 state after 7 h of treatment; Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3 and FeO peaks are marked by vertical blue, green, purple lines b black lines; d - XRD data for TPL h0, h1and h7 in the angle range near the most intense peak (311), part of 2θ ≈ 35. 45° is shown by the dashed oval. The inset shows an example of fitting the most intense peaks for the ELF TPL h0 to determine the average size of the coherent scattering region for the Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 phases

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4. Fig. 3. Magnetic hysteresis loops of samples h0, h1, h7 (a), commercial sample AA (b). Insets - more details in the region of small magnetic fields

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5. Fig. 4. ZFC-FC thermomagnetic curves for the ZFC-FC EVF in the initial state measured at different values of the external magnetic field (a, b). The arrows show the Verwey transition region (b). For comparison, the ZFC-FC curve at H = 100 E for the AA sample of commercial magnetite is given; the arrow shows the Verwey transition region (c)

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6. Fig. 5. ZFC-FC thermomagnetic curves for h1 TPL EVPs measured at different values of the external magnetic field (a, b). The arrows show the Verwey transition region (b). The grey dashed lines indicate the point of the largest slope on the ZFC curve

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7. Fig. 6. ZFC-FC thermomagnetic curves for the ZFC-FC EVP of h7 measured at different values of the external magnetic field (a). The same curves are shown in a narrow temperature range where the Verwey transition was observed earlier (Figs. 4, 5) (b)

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