Genetic Identification of Putative Hybrids Between Grey Wolf and Golden Jackal

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Abstract

We describe the results of genetic analysis of 11 phenotypically deviant individuals of grey wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) sensu lato collected in Voronezh State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Chernozem zone of European Russia) and Dagestan (Northern Caucasus, Russia) putatively identified morphologically as hybrids between grey wolf and golden jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758). By means of maternally inherited mtDNA (sequences of cytochrome b gene fragment) and paternal lineage markers ZfY no F1 wolf-jackal hybrids were identified. As well, possibility of classification of the studied individuals to next generation hybrids from crosses between different wolf-jackal F1s. However, attribution of these animals to complex hybrids such as various backcrosses cannot be rejected. From the results of analysis by a set of autosomal microsatellite loci we putatively diagnosed a single F2 hybrid. As well, we obtained data that can be considered as traces of hybridization between wolf and jackal in southern regions of European Russa, albeit direct indications of introgression between these species not found. At the same time, the results of both genetic and craniological studies could be interpreted as indication to hybridization between wolves and domestic dogs on the same territories.

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About the authors

P. A. Kazimirov

Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences; All-Russian Research Institute for Environmental Protection

Author for correspondence.
Email: farenklaw@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991; Moscow, 117628

Yu. S. Belokon

Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: farenklaw@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

M. M. Belokon

Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: farenklaw@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

A. S. Mishin

Peskov Voronezhsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve

Email: farenklaw@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Voronoezh, 394080

V. V. Stakheev

Institute of Arid Zones, South Scientific Centre Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: farenklaw@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don, 344006

Yu. A. Yarovenko

Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: farenklaw@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Makhachkala, 367000

A. Yu. Yarovenko

Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Federal Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: farenklaw@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Makhachkala, 367000

D. V. Politov

Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences; All-Russian Research Institute for Environmental Protection

Email: dmitri_p@inbox.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991; Moscow, 117628

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2. Fig. 1. The result of electrophoresis of PCR products obtained using primer kits dZFY1F/dZFY2R and YintF2/YintR/Yint2-335. C. a. – Canis aureus, C. l. – Canis lupus, M – dimensional standard 1 kb, fragment lengths in mon.

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3. Fig. 2. Results of craniometric analysis of 3D models using the principal component method.

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