Trend in incidence (2005–2022) and medical and social problems in 15–17 years adolescents

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Abstract

Introduction. The analysis of the incidence in adolescents (15–17 years old inclusive) showed its significant increase during the first two decades of the XXI century. The prevalence of borderline mental disorders among adolescents and cases with deviant behaviour, unhealthy lifestyle, conflict and difficult life situations are increasing. Adolescents and young people need comprehensive medical care, managed with taking into account age-related psychological and social characteristics.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the trend in health indicators of older adolescents, social problems affecting the development of their health and education, and scientific substantiation of the main directions and principles of managing medical care and social assistance to adolescents and youth.

Materials and methods. According to official statistics, a comparative analysis of the incidence in 0–14 years children and 15–17 years adolescents for the period 2005–2022 was carried out by the main classes of somatic pathology and mental disorders. According to scientific literature, basic information about the medical and social problems in adolescents and 15–25 years youth has been systematized.

Results. Analysis of the incidence in adolescents showed its growth and revealed classes of diseases for which the rates of adolescents are higher than in children. This allows determining the main directions of treatment and preventive work. The main medical and social problems of adolescents include: health risks caused by educational factors; unhealthy lifestyle; destructive forms of behaviour; early sexual activity; early employment; professional choice that does not correspond to individual health characteristics.

Limitations. The considered medical and social problems are characteristic of older adolescents (15–17 years old inclusive) and young people.

Conclusion. Due to the high incidence and unfavourable course of pathologies, psychological characteristics, and the significant prevalence of medical-social problems in adolescence and young people, it is advisable to create medical-social centers for adolescents and youth on the basis of medical institutions in the country.

Compliance with ethical standards. To conduct this study, the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee was not required (the expert analytical study was carried out on data from official statistics and scientific literature published in the open press).

Contribution:
Kuchma V.R. and Yatsyna I.V. – study concept and design, article editing;
Rapoport I.K. – collecting material and writing the text of the article;
Chubarovsky V.V. – collecting material and editing an article;
Sokolova S.B. – collection of material, statistical processing of results and editing of the article.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: April 11, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: July 31, 2024

About the authors

Vladislav R. Kuchma

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman; First Moscow State Medical University named after. I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1410-5546

MD, PhD, DSci., professor, corr. member of the RAS, scientific supervisor of the Institute of Complex Hygiene Problems of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation; Head of the Department of Children and Adolescents Hygiene, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation

Russian Federation

Irina K. Rapoport

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman

Email: rapoport.ik@fncg.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9989-4491

MD, PHD, DSCI., professor, chief researcher of the Department of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth of the Institute of Complex Hygiene Problems of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

Russian Federation

Vladimir V. Chubarovsky

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman; First Moscow State Medical University named after. I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University)

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4108-6969

MD, PHD, DSCI., chief researcher of the Department of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth of the Institute of Complex Hygiene Problems of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation; professor of the Department of Children and Adolescents Hygiene, Sechenov University, Moscow, 119048, Russian Federation

Russian Federation

Svetlana B. Sokolova

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5895-4577

MD, PHD, DSCI., chief researcher of the Department of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Youth of the Institute of Complex Hygiene Problems of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

Russian Federation

Irina V. Yatsyna

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman

Email: fake@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8650-8803

MD, PHD, DSCI., professor, Honoured Physician of the Russian Federation, Director of the Institute of General and Professional Pathology named after A.I. Potapov of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation

Russian Federation

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