Analysis of the actual nutrition in primary school students of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Introduction. A comprehensive hygienic research was aimed at studying the actual nutrition in primary school children living in the city of Ufa and the large village of Iglino.

Materials and methods. The nature and structure of the actual diet of the students was studied by the method of 24-hour reproduction of the diet, one day prior to the survey. The findings were compared with measures of norms of physiological energy and food requirements for children and adolescents.

The study involved seven hundred 7–11 year students of grades 1–4 from nine schools in Ufa (460 cases) and village of Iglino (240 children).

Results. The diet in children of the studied group is adequate in energy value and consumption of proteins and fats. The amount of carbohydrate consumption is reduced relative to the norms of physiological needs (NPN) by 25%, but at the same time the share of admission with the diet of simple carbohydrates exceeds the norm. Increased intake of added salt 1.4-fold revealed. The average daily diet is provided with vitamins, but is deficient in calcium, the intake of which is 68% of the NPN. The actual nutrition of younger schoolchildren living in the city of Ufa is characterized by the excess intake of sodium is almost 4 times. The Ca : Mg to Ca : P ratio is broken. The distribution of calories in individual meals made it possible to identify a reduced share of calories in breakfast (19% instead of 25%) and dinner (22% instead of 35–40%).

Limitations. The study analyzed only the actual nutrition of children aged 7–11 years. In the future, it is planned to study the nutrition of schoolchildren of other age groups.

Conclusion. The main nutritional disorders in primary school children are expressed in increased consumption of saturated fatty acids, simple carbohydrates and added salt. In combination with calcium deficiency and excess sodium, such an imbalance can further cause the risk of developing alimental-dependent diseases.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require submission of the opinion of the biomedical ethics committee and other documents.

Contribution:
Zelenkovskaya E.E. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, text writing and editing;
Larionova T.K. — research concept and design, text writing and editing;
Daukaev R.A. — concept and design of the study;
Musabirov D.E., Aukhadieva E.A., Kurilov M.V. — collection and processing of material;
Allayarova G.R., Afonkina S.R. — collection of literature data;
Fazlieva A.S. — statistical processing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: September 21, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: January 12, 2023