Hygiene assessment of the nutrition of preschoolers living in monotown

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Introduction. The analysis of actual nutrition on weekdays of children attending preschool educational institutions of Mezhdurechensk, one of the monotowns of Kuzbass, is carried out.

Material and methods. The actual food consumption in kindergarten was studied by the weight method (21240 individual servings), at home it was studied by the 24-hour nutritional method. 358 preschool children were examined.

Results. An increased caloric diet due to excess fat content was established (37.3% higher than physiological consumption standards). A deficiency of 11.5% of the norm of dietary fiber was revealed. The average daily diets of preschoolers provided age-related needs for macronutrients (107-137%), vitamins (119-158%), and minerals (109-157%). However, during the stay of children in kindergarten, the caloric value of their diets did not cover the age-related physiological needs of the child’s body, which was established by the weight method. Diets were not balanced by micronutrient composition.

Discussion. The reasons for the possible refusal of children to eat in kindergarten or the appearance of poor appetite in children were a violation of the daily routine: replacing outdoor walks with group exercises, individual lessons with a speech therapist; dinner transfer. The excess caloric value of daily diets is formed due to the contribution of home nutrition in the evening (an average of 45.0% of the physiological norm of a child with the necessary norm of 20-25%). In the structure of the food set, a deficit of more than 10% of rye bread, fish and seafood, the excess of legumes and cereals (by 28% of recommended consumption standards), pasta (by 83%), sausages (by 135%) and confectionery products (by 51%) were revealed.

Conclusions. The findings suggest that the main eating disorders of preschoolers are formed in the family.

作者简介

Natal'ya Tapeshkina

Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians - Branch Campus of the “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: natasha72.03.24@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5341-8863
MD, Ph.D., DSci., Assistant Professor, professor of the s.b-department of hygiene, epidemiology and healthy lifestyle, Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians – Branch Campus of the “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Novokuznetsk, 654005, Russian Federation; leading researcher of the laboratory for human ecology and environmental health, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation.

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Sergey Filimonov

Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians - Branch Campus of the “Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation; Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6816-6064
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Elena Koskina

Kemerovo State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8294-4627
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Larisa Pochueva

Kemerovo State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5197-4436
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Liliya Popkova

Kemerovo State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5159-2953
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Ol'ga Sviridenko

Kemerovo State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9346-8662
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