Studying combined subchronic toxicity of lead and cadmium with a special focus in terms of their cardiovascular effects

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Abstract

Introduction. Exposure to lead and cadmium is an important risk factor for the health of workers in copper smelters and refiners. Numerous epidemiological studies have revealed a relationship between exposure to lead and cadmium and the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Material and methods. At the closing stage of the experiment, we registered over 50 characteristics of animals’ health status, including functional, cytological, morphological (with morphometry of certain organs) and biochemical indices. The exposure period accounted for 6 weeks, during which we monitored the general health status of the exposed animals and the control group. Experimental estimates of some of the health indices were used for mathematical modeling of the combined Pb+Cd exposure via Response Surface Methodology.

Results. The obtained results were consistent with our earlier conclusions that there are different types of combined Pb+Cd toxicity. The ultimate interaction of toxic agents is determined by what effect is being considered, the level of the effect, and the ratio of the doses. The same toxic mixture can produce a range of interactions, from synergism to antagonism. In this study, we discovered cardiovascular toxicity indices (ECG, BP) to do also suggest that there are different types of combined Pb+Cd toxicity. Most ECG features suggest a synergistic relationship between Pb and Cd, except for P-wave, which amplitude may be interpreted as an indication of Pb-Cd antagonism. Moreover, the antagonistic relationship between Pb and Cd was established with respect to their effects on blood pressure in rats.

Conclusion. It is shown that there are different types of lead and cadmium combined cardiovascular toxicity in ionic form in rats.

About the authors

Ilzira A. Minigalieva

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Author for correspondence.
Email: Ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1871-8593

MD, Ph.D., head of the Laboratory of industrial toxicology of Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Yekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation.

e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru

Russian Federation

S. V. Klinova

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0927-4062
Russian Federation

V. G. Panov

Institute of Industrial Ecology, the Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6718-3217
Russian Federation

M. P. Sutunkova

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1743-7642
Russian Federation

V. B. Gurvich

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6475-7753
Russian Federation

L. I. Privalova

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1442-6737
Russian Federation

I. E. Valamina

Central Research Laboratory, Ural State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7387-5287
Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2024 Minigalieva I.A., Klinova S.V., Panov V.G., Sutunkova M.P., Gurvich V.B., Privalova L.I., Valamina I.E.


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