Malignant neoplasms in the Republic of Buryatia: a retrospective analysis

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Abstract

Introduction. The problem of the carcinogenic danger of the gain in cancer incidence in large cities and industrial centers is under consideration, but there are no studies on the epidemiological and hygienic aspects of the prevalence of cancer pathology in the regions of Siberia. 

Material and methods. Incidence and mortality rates of malignant tumors were studied as in general as corresponding to the leading localizations in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases for 1991-2015. To reduce the uncertainties of the analysis associated with the small population of the rural areas of the Republic of Buryatia (RB), the average value for five-year periods was calculated.

Results. The epidemiological analysis of the long-term morbidity and mortality rate in cancer cases indicates negative trends. The gain in cancer prevalence was revealed to be 1.5 times higher in the RB. The increase of the index value is especially pronounced in the following localizations: blood and hemopoietic organs by 2.8 times, genitourinary system — 2.8 times, endocrine system — 2 times, digestive organs — 1.5 times. Malignant neoplasms of the lungs (33.3 ‰oo of the population) and the stomach (28.1 ‰oo) are most often recorded. Using repeated georeferenced measurements of oncological pathology from the general population in the RB, we identified clusters highlighting a particular structure in the spatial distribution of high and low values of the mortality and incidence rate.

Conclusion. The further direction of research is discussed: a detailed study of the impact of carcinogenic risk factors (industrial, natural and climatic origin, lifestyle) and the organization of medical care for the population in identified areas of risk.

About the authors

Natalia V. Efimova

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Author for correspondence.
Email: medecolab@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7218-2147

Professor, MD, leading researcher of the Laboratory of environmental and hygienic studies of East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research.

e-mail: medecolab@inbox.ru

Russian Federation

V. R. Motorov

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7802-1694
Russian Federation

I. V. Mylnikova

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7685-9004
Russian Federation

A. A. Blokhin

East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4360-2151
Russian Federation

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