Hygienic assessment of human phenotypic adaptation features depending on living conditions, ethnicity, and gender

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Abstract

Introduction. The study of phenotypic features of cardiorespiratory diseases is of fundamental importance for medical prevention. 

Material and methods. We have carried out a cross-sectional study that looks into the health status and adaptive responses in the adult population of the Volga region, the Altai Republic and the Republic of Khakassia. A total of 940 cases were examined, including 229 men and 711 women (belonging to Russian and Turkic ethnic groups). 

Results. The study has shown differences in the incidence rate of cardiorespiratory diseases depending on gender and ethnicity: incidence rate of circulatory system diseases (CSD) and respiratory diseases (RD) among Russians is 1.9 and 1.6 times higher than among Turks patients, respectively. The incidence rate of RD is higher among men both in Russians and Turks cases. The body mass index (BMI) is significantly higher in Russian men (p < 0.004) and women (p < 0.001). Women’s BMI is higher than that of men in both ethnic groups. The study has also revealed a correlation between the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and BMI in men and women. The incidence rate of CSD depends both on SBP in men and on diastolic blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance in women. Also, we have found a correlation between RD rate and Tiffeneau index in men. As much as 66.7% of Altai and 33.3% of Russian men, as well as 80.0% of Altai and 20.0% of Russian women living in the region, have respiratory problems. The study has shown differences in susceptibility to natural, climatic and environmental factors among men and women, which can be explained by ethnic and gender differences in phenotypic adaptation. 

Conclusion. Ethnic and gender differences in phenotypic adaptation to environmental conditions are the basis of an individual approach to preventing cardiorespiratory diseases and developing medical and prevention measures.

About the authors

Nikolay A. Meshkov

Centre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health

Author for correspondence.
Email: professor121@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6139-5833

MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Head of laboratory of the Centre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

e-mail: professor121@rambler.ru

Russian Federation

E. A. Valtseva

Centre for Strategic Planning, Russian Ministry of Health

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5468-5381
Russian Federation

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