On the safe levels of micro-sized particles PM1.0 in ambient air

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Abstract

Introduction. Micro- and nano-sized suspended particles may be toxic to humans more than larger particles. Effects of these particles can cause diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine and immune system, etc. There are no safety standards for micro-sized particles PM1.0 at present in the Russian Federation.

The aim of this work is scientific substantiation of the safe level of micro-sized suspended particles PM1.0 in ambient air.

Materials and methods. Safe PM1.0 levels in ambient air upon long-term inhalation intake were established on the base of selecting previously conducted relevant studies and assessment of the quantitative and qualitative data (assessment of study design elements, exposure levels, adverse health responses (effects), etc.) provided in them. In key studies ‘point of departure’ for exposure was established most relevant for substantiating safe PM1.0 levels; these levels were then calculated considering use of the total (complex) modifying factor.

Results. Out of sixty eight publications reported the results obtained in studies with their focus on effects of PM1.0 on the health, two key studies were selected for the procedure for justifying the value of the PM1.0 safe level in ambient air, namely, Zhang et al., 2021 and Yu et al., 2020. The safe level for PM1.0 upon chronic inhalation exposure is scientifically substantiated at 0.002 mg/m3 based on establishing the values of modifying factors and calculating the total (complex) modifying factor.

Limitations. The study does not provide any toxicological results.

Conclusion. The proposed safe PM1.0 level in ambient air (0.002 mg/m3) has the potential for practical application in the health risk assessment as a reference concentration, as well as for use in the system for sanitary and hygienic regulation.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study did not require the opinion of a biomedical ethics committee (the study was performed on publicly available data).

Contribution:
Zaitseva N.V. — the study concept, organization and implementation of a full-scale experiment, editing;
Kleyn S.V. — the study concept and design, writing the text, and editing;
Chetverkina K.V. — design of the study, collection, and processing of material, writing the text;
Andrishunas A.M., Tsinker M.Yu. — collection, and processing of material, writing the text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: Auugust 13, 2024 / Accepted: November 19, 2024 / Published: December 17, 2024

About the authors

Nina V. Zaitseva

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: znv@fcrisk.ru

DSc (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the RAS, Scientific Director of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 614045, Perm, Russian Federation

e-mail: znv@fcrisk.ru

Svetlana V. Kleyn

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Academician E.A. Vagner’s Perm State Medical University of the RF Ministry of Health

Email: kleyn@fcrisk.ru

DSc (Medicine), Professor of the RAS, Chief Researcher – Head of the Department of Sanitary and Hygienic Analysis and Monitoring Systemic Methods of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation; Academician E.A. Vagner’s Perm State Medical University, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation

e-mail: kleyn@fcrisk.ru

Kristina V. Chetverkina

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Academician E.A. Vagner’s Perm State Medical University of the RF Ministry of Health

Email: chetverkina@fcrisk.ru

PhD (Medicine), Leading Researcher at the Department for Systemic Procedures of Sanitary-Hygienic Analysis and Monitoring, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation; Academician E.A. Vagner’s Perm State Medical University, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation

e-mail: chetverkina@fcrisk.ru

Alena M. Andrishunas

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: ama@fcrisk.ru

Researcher at the Department for Systemic Procedures of Sanitary-Hygienic Analysis and Monitoring, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation

e-mail: ama@fcrisk.ru

Mikhail Yu.  Tsinker

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; Perm National Research Polytechnic University

Author for correspondence.
Email: cinker@fcrisk.ru

Junior researcher at the Department of the Mathematical Modelling of Systems and Processes, Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045, Russian Federation; Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, 614990, Perm, Russian Federation

e-mail: cinker@fcrisk.ru

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