Vol 99, No 5 (2020)

The aim of the work has been the investigation of the viewpoint of health care supervisors on the role of Russian Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare in intersectoral cooperation on the problems of health protection of the population within the subject of the Russian Federation.

Material and methods. There has been carried out an anonymous questioning of 405 health care supervisors, including 126 experts. Besides, there have been analyzed the materials of annual national reports of the Administration of the Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare in the Saratov region “On the state of sanitary-epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation”.

Results. There has been determined a list of 23 sectors engaged in health care of the population at the regional level - 13 relatively more significant (basic) and 10 relatively less significant sectors. Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare Russian is one of the basic sectors. There has been established the significance of cooperation of the sector “Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare Russian” with other engaged structures. A wide spectrum of 37 health determinants has been detected. There have been obtained the data which make it possible to determine two directions of health care optimization at the regional level. The first direction is associated with purposeful influence of the engaged sectors on health determinants. To achieve this aim there has been established the possible influence of each sector, Russian “Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare” in particular, on each of the considered health determinants. This will make the formation of prophylactic programs significantly easier due to transformation of this process into a purposeful and structured process. The second direction is conditioned by the fact that optimization of any process is possible on the basis of evaluation of the initial state of the process, and evaluation is based on corresponding informative indices. These 38 indices of the effectiveness of intersectoral cooperation on the problems of health protection of the population have been established, and the significance of Russian Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare’s influence on each of these indices has been determined. At establishment of an insufficient level of corresponding indices, the sector “Russian Federal Service for Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare’s has been brought to optimization.

Conclusion. The results of mentioned investigation may be realized in activities for health protection of the population within the subject of the Russian Federation, and in professional training of authorized employees of the engaged sectors.

Introduction. In recent years, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) cause ever greater economic and social damage. Microorganisms circulating in medical institutions the causative agents of HAIs, become resistant to most antibiotics and many disinfectants. There is a need to create alternative mechanisms for controlling microorganisms.

The purpose of the work is to determine the antagonistic activity of bacteria strains of the genus Bacillus in relation to test microorganisms, as a potential basis for the development of domestic detergents and disinfectants based on probiotics.

Material and methods. The strains of Bacillus subtilis 2/10 VKPM B-2896; Bacillus subtilis VKPM B-1283; Bacillus licheniformis VKPM B-5397; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VKPM B-5462 werethe main object of study. At the first stage of the studies, the antagonistic activity of the strains was studied by the well method, at the second stage of the studies, the antagonistic activity was studied at the test object, and at the third stage of the studies, the effectiveness of the composition containing B. subtilis VKPM B-1283, B.licheniformis VKPM B-5397 and sulfonol strains was studied.

Results. As a result of studies, the antagonistic effect of bacilli against test microorganisms was revealed. When surfaces are contaminated with test microorganisms (S.aureus ATCC 6538-P, E.coli ATCC 10531, C. albicans ATCC 10231) and subsequent application of Bacillus spores, a significant reduction in the seeding rate with test microorganisms is observed after 24 hours by 97.07-100%. The use of B.subtilis VKPM B-1283 and B.licheniformis VKPM B-5397 spores together with a detergent component for treating surfaces contaminated with test microorganisms (S.aureus ATCC 6538-P, E.coli ATCC 10531, C.albicans ATCC 10231) provides a reduction in microbial seeding after 4 hours by 99.97 %.

Conclusions. B.subtilis 2/10 VKPM B-2896, B.subtilis VKPM B-1283 and B.licheniformis VKPM B-5397 are promising for the use as probiotics, as the basis of detergents and disinfectants.

Introduction. The epidemiological situation of parasitic diseases among the population of the Volga-Caspian fishery subdistrict within the Astrakhan region continues to be stressful. To cancel or prolong the restrictions on biohelminthoses in the region, it is necessary to conduct regular studies on the parasitic purity of fish and fish raw materials.

Material and methods. In accordance with methods generally accepted in parasitology, in the period of 2013-2017, 7,671 mature specimens of thirteen species of fish of five families (carps, pikes, sheatfishes, perches, herrings) were examined.

Results. In the parasitic fauna of all types of hydrobionts examined there were sanitary-significant parasites, represented by eight types of systematic groups: nematodes (Anisakis schupakovi, Contracaecum bidentat, Estrongylides excisus), trematodes (Apophallus muehlingi, Rossicotr.ema donutses), acanthocephalans (Corynosoma strumosum). The dominant group in prevalence in the population of the Volga fish were roundworms, small - acanthocephalus. The maximum quantitative indices were characterized by trematodes, the number of which in the single fish amounted to thousands.

Discussion. The level of infestation of pike, catfish, bream, carp, pike-perch, perch, white bream, rud, roach, Caspian roach, sichel, Caspian anadromous shad, blue bream, parasites dangerous to humans has remained relatively stable for a number of years. The majority of fish in the eastern part of the delta (with respect to the western part) have a higher percentage of infected individuals, and therefore, aquatic animals caught in the first specified area should be subjected to more thorough veterinary examination when preparing it for sale to the population.

Conclusion. The data on the annual invasions of fish and people (along with other warm-blooded animals) with epidemiologically significant parasites indicate the active functioning of natural foci of apophallosis, rosicotremosis, opisthorchiasis, pevdoamphistomosis, anizakiosis, contratsekoleza, eustrongilidosis, and corynozomosis in the Volga delta. For the prevention of biohelminthoses, it is necessary, in addition to state control (ensuring proper product quality), to establish a direct informational notification of the population in order to clarify the importance of the issue of parasitic invasions transmitted through fish.

The analysis of data and publications concerning the activities of the sanitary and epidemiological service (SES) during The World War II has been made in the memory of the 75th anniversary of the historical Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. An expert and analytical study was performed. There was a report of the work of the state sanitary Inspection and Sanitary-epidemiological station of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944. The effort of the sanitary service of the Kirovsky district in 1944 allowed performing the supervision on controlled objects by 162.3% and restored the house water pipes and sewers which were destroyed in the past winter; to improve the housing stock of the district; to renovate and provide equipment of the hostel, to improve the content of dormitories and eliminate lice, to open 4 new kindergartens and nursery toddlers ‘ groups and to improve the sanitary condition and maintenance of children’s institutions, to organize the summer improving children’s company, to repair schools, to improve nutrition in child care, to improve health of workers and the maintenance of industrial and municipal enterprises, to reduce the incidence of injuries at the leading industrial enterprises, to improve the working conditions of Junior enterprises, to reduce the number of occupational diseases and occupational injuries; to reduce the incidence of influenza, dysentery, diphtheria and malaria, to exceed the preventive vaccination plan ahead of time, to achieve almost complete (98.3%) hospitalization of epidemic patients, to organize connections with public health instructors, to exceed the work plans of all SES laboratories, to perform scientific and practical work.

Conclusion. The work of the state sanitary Inspection and sanitary inspection Service of the Kirovsky district of Moscow in 1944 provided an appropriate level of sanitary conditions at enterprises, institutions and the territory of the district. Military difficulties and limited human resources did not affect on the use of the main forms of work of the service: preventive and routine sanitary supervision, laboratory and instrumental research methods, vaccination, public health education, and administrative measures.

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors.

Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards.

Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes.

Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Introduction. Climate change around the world determines the relevance of the study of its effects on the human health. Nowadays, due to the development of modern medical science, the methods of evidence-based analysis of negative impact of the environmental factors on the public health are being widely implemented into preventive medicine. Their use should make it possible to quantify the various risks with high confidence and to manage them effectively.

Material and methods. The weather conditions of the territory of Vladikavkaz for a 15-years period (2001–2015) have been studied. On the basis of the data from the primary medical documentation of emergency medical care (EMC) for the same period, the health status of the adult population in the city has been studied. The impact of the meteorological elements under the study on the frequency of seeking EMC was estimated using the relative (RR) and population risks (R_pop) values.

Results. For the city of Vladikavkaz (according to the medical classification of weather conditions), high air humidity is typical for 65% of the days in a year, low air velocity (less than 3 m/s) - 77% of the days in a year. Inter-day fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric air pressure, exceeding the optimal levels for the human body, are recorded more than in 30% of the days in a year.

Discussion. The city of Vladikavkaz is characterized by windless, wet weather, with frequent inter-day fluctuations in temperature and atmospheric air pressure, which corresponds to the clinically irritating and acute types of weather.

Conclusion. The calculations of the relative and the population risks of impact of meteorological changes on the developing of urgent cardiovascular conditions in the population of Vladikavkaz showed RR of combining two unfavourable weather factors to be of 1.081 (p<0.0001), and the Rpop increases by more than 3600 additional EMC calls due to cardiovascular pathology.

Introduction. The purpose of our work was to justify the need to improve the legislative, regulatory and methodological framework and preventative measures in relation to the spread of parasitic infections in the provision of medical care. There is a wide range of pathogens of parasitic infestations that are transmitted to humans through various medical manipulations and interventions carried out in various medical institutions. Contaminated care items and furnishings, medical instruments and equipment, solutions for infusion therapy, medical personnel’s clothing and hands, reusable medical products, drinking water, bedding, suture and dressing materials can serve as a major factor in the spread of parasitic infections in the provision of medical care.

Purpose of research is the study of the structure and SMP of parasitic origin, circulating on the objects of the production environment in multi-profile medical and preventive institutions of stationary type in order to prevent the occurrence of their spread within medical institutions.

Material and methods. The material for the study was flushes taken from the production environment in 3 multi-profile treatment and prevention institutions of inpatient type: a multi-specialty hospital, a maternity hospital and a hospital specializing in the treatment of patients with intestinal diseases for the eggs of worms and cysts of pathogenic protozoa.

Results. During the 2-year monitoring of medical preventive institutions, a landscape of parasitic contamination was found to be obtained from the flushes taken from the production environment objects in the premises surveyed as part of the research work.

Discussions. In the course of research, the risk of developing ISMP of parasitic origin was found to be determined by the degree of epidemiological safety of the hospital environment, the number and invasiveness of treatment and diagnostic manipulations and various medical technologies.

Conclusion. It is necessary to conduct an expert assessment of regulatory and methodological documents in the field of epidemiological surveillance and sanitary and hygienic measures for the prevention of medical aid related infections of parasitic origin, to optimize the regulatory and methodological base, to develop a number of preventive measures aimed at stopping the spread of parasitic infections in the medical network.

Introduction. The modern highly sensitive methods of controlling substances that affect humans in real environmental conditions are necessary to adequately assess the quality and chemical safety of drinking water, including pesticides used in agriculture for the destruction of weeds and pests.

The aim of the work was to improve the sensitivity of existing techniques for the determination of triazine pesticides in their joint presence to control drinking and bottled water.

Material and methods. The studies were performed using a chromatography mass-spectrometric system including a liquid chromatography with tandem mass-spectrometric triple quadrupole detector.

Results. The influence of various factors on the extraction of triazine pesticides from water has been studied, the chromatographic and detection conditions have been optimized. Linearity in the range of 0.1 - 10 μg / dm³ is proved. The limits of detection and quantitative determination of triazine pesticides in drinking water are established in accordance with hygienic standards.

Discussion. The procedure allows separate determination of triazine pesticides when they are co-located in concentrations at and below the corresponding MPC values in drinking and bottled water. The method allows reliably determining the target compounds without the use of hard-to-reach deuterated reference materials. To improve the reliability of the method, as an internal standard it is recommended to use one of the compounds studied, which is not a widely used pesticide, for example, propazine, with mandatory control of the initial matrix for its content.

Conclusion. A highly sensitive method for the separate determination of a group of triazine pesticides (simazine, atrazine, propazine, prometrin, metribuzin, metamitron) was developed with their joint presence in drinking water with sensitivity at or below the corresponding hygienic standards.