The impact of natural climatic factors on the state and preservation of introduced species in Dzhanybek research station's arboretum

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Abstract

The paper presents the analysis results of a 70-year long experiment on climate testing of introduced tree and shrub species in the conditions of the bogharic lands of the Northern Caspian clay semi-deserts. The object of the research was the arboretum of the Dzhanybek Research Station, created in 1951 in a local mesorelief depression with meadow-chestnut soils and a fresh lens of groundwater at a depth of 5.5-7.0 m in order to identify a promising plant species for landscaping in the region. It was found that the strongest impact on the preservation of introduced plants, especially with a deep root system (oak, elm, poplar), is the secondary salinization of the fresh lens to 3-7 g / l as it depletes, after which the trees can’t use it and die from the lack of moisture. Analysing the dynamics of natural and climatic conditions revealed the presence of four moisture cycles, during which the condition and safety of introduced species change dramatically: in dry periods with a moisture coefficient below average (0.3±0.13), many species begin to wither. When droughts recur from year to year, mass climatogenic drying-out of introduced species is observed. In the arboretum, the living space of dying plants is occupied by the species of trees and shrubs (honeysuckle, maples, bird cherry) that are best adapted to these soil and hydrological conditions, forming stable multi-species, multi-age shrub thickets. During the existence of the arboretum, the collection of introduced species has decreased from 211 to 73 species, many of which have survived only as self-sown specimens. Analysis of long-term monitoring of their condition allows us to recommend the surviving species for landscaping, including through self-renewal.

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About the authors

M. K. Sapanov

Institute of Forest Science of the RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: sapanovm@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Sovetskaya st. 21, Uspenskoe, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast, 143030

M. L. Sizemskaya

Institute of Forest Science of the RAS

Email: sapanovm@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Sovetskaya st. 21, Uspenskoe, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast, 143030

N. A. Kotelnikov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: sapanovm@mail.ru

Soil Science faculty

Russian Federation, Leninskie Gory 1 bldg. 12, Moscow, 119991

M. M. Elekesheva

Zhangir Khan University

Email: sapanovm@mail.ru
Kazakhstan, Zhangir khan st. 51, Uralsk, 090009

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2. Fig. 1. The arboretum of the Dzhanybek stationary station: A - aerial photograph from the early 1980s, B - image from Google (2006).

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3. Fig. 2. The most important climatic indicators regulating the functioning of introduced species (1 - annual data, 2 - 5-year sliding): A - moisture coefficient (MC) (a1, a2, a3, a4 - periods of moisture in the territory, differing in trends and rates); B - precipitation for the hydrological year (b1 - period of increased moisture); B - average monthly air temperature of the warm half-year (b1 - period of a sharp increase in temperature).

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4. Fig. 3. Sections of the 70-year-old arboretum: A - with an alley of bignonioides catalpa and rows of silver birch (Betula pendula); B – with a massive planting of common oak and introduced lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis); B – with a clearing overgrown with self-seeding of different species; G – with single self-seeding of different species.

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