New species of Otozamites braun (Bennettitales) with preserved anatomical structure from the middle jurassic of Kursk region, Russia

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Abstract

The new bennettitalean species Otozamites meyenii sp. nov. is described from the Middle Jurassic deposits of the Mikhailovskii Rudnik open mine (Kursk Region). The new species is characterized by long finger-like papillae on the covering cells of the pinnae lower epidermis. The rachis vascular system of the new species possesses structure, characteristic of leaves of other Bennettitales: a ring, formed by two U-shaped rows of collateral vascular bundles with xylem faced toward interior. Unlike the Lower Cretaceous O. kerae Ohana et Kimura, possessing well defined bundles, the new species has indistinct boundaries between bundles. Our data also point on the presence in representatives of the genus Otozamites Braun of tracheids, characteristic of several angiosperms, whereas the presence of vessels in the vascular system of Otozamites leaves has not been confirmed.

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About the authors

N. V. Bazhenova

Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: gordynat@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Otozamites meyenii sp. nov.: a–c, d – specimen PIN, No. 5173/88, SEM: a – stomatal apparatus with a coronal cell formed by longitudinal division of one of the subsidiary cells; b – longitudinal section through the stomatal apparatus; c – stomatal apparatus with an additional subsidiary cell formed by transverse division of the maternal subsidiary cell; d – transverse section of the rachis, the upper row of vascular bundles looks like a closed circle due to tissue deformation; g, f–h – specimen PIN, No. 5173/87: g – transverse section of the rachis, small arrows show breaks between vascular bundles, large arrows show breaks at the sites of separation of the vascular bundles vascularizing the pinnae, SEM; e – fragment of the rachis vascular system, small arrows show breaks between vascular bundles, large arrow shows break at the site of separation of vascular bundles vascularizing the pinna, SEM; g – configuration of the rachis vascular system on a transverse tomogram, a pair of vascular bundles extending to the pinna are visible at the top left; z – configuration of the vascular system on a horizontal section, tomogram. Designations: ep – epidermis; h – hypodermis; gt – ground tissue; vb – vascular bundle; ph – phloem; x – xylem; tr – vascular bundle vascularizing the pinna.

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3. Fig. 2. Otozamites meyenii sp. nov., specimen PIN, no. 5173/87, SEM: a – detail of Fig. 1, e, a break is visible at the site of separation of two vascular bundles vascularizing the pinna, arrows indicate breaks between the vascular bundles; b – detail of Fig. 1, e, a fragment of the upper row of vascular bundles, arrows indicate breaks between the vascular bundles; c – fragment of a transverse cleavage of the rachis, the epidermis, hypodermis, ground tissue and several vascular bundles from the lower row are visible; d – detail of Fig. 1, e, a fragment of the lower row of vascular bundles, demonstrating a large area without breaks in the xylem. Designations: id – idioblasts; mt – mechanical tissue; px – protoxylem; the rest are as in Fig. 1.

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4. Fig. 3. Otozamites meyenii sp. nov., holotype PIN, no. 5173/85, SEM: a – inner surface of the turn of the pinnate cuticle, the abaxial side, adaxial side and transitional marginal zone are visible; b – outer surface of the turn of the pinnate cuticle, the abaxial papillary side, the adaxial side without papillae and the transitional marginal zone with poorly developed papillae are visible; c – outer surface of the abaxial cuticle, the arrow shows the papillae tightly closing above the stomatal apparatus; g – inner surface of the abaxial cuticle, the topography of the epidermis is visible; d – stomatal zone, the stomatal apparatus with the lateral coronoid cell formed by the longitudinal division of the subsidiary cell are visible; e – stomatal apparatus with a lateral coronal cell, surrounded by a ring of cells with papillae fused together; g – papillae on the main cells of the lower epidermis, large pores are also visible on the anticlinal cell walls.

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5. Fig. 4. Otozamites meyenii sp. nov., specimen PIN, No. 5173/87, SEM: a – fragment of the upper row of vascular bundles, arrows indicate breaks between the vascular bundles; b – tracheids with spiral thickenings and scalloped bordered pores; c – fragment of horizontal cleavage of rachis, epidermal cells with porous walls, prosenchymatous cells of the hypodermis and cells of the main parenchyma are visible; g – tracheid with a wall having internal spiral thickenings and large simple pores; d – fragment of horizontal cleavage of rachis, vascular bundle and the main parenchyma inside it containing idioblasts are visible. Designations as in Figs. 1 and 2.

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6. Fig. 5. Otozamites meyenii sp. nov., specimen PIN, No. 5173/87: a–c – SEM: a – tracheids with reticulate thickenings and tracheids with scalariform and rounded bordered pores; b – tracheids with scalariform bordered pores and tracheid with a wall combining internal thickenings and simple pores; c – tracheid with reticulate thickenings and tracheid with rounded bordered pores; d–g – tomograms illustrating the position of the vascular bundles vascularizing the pinnule: g – transverse virtual section, the black line shows the relationship with the section in Fig. 5, d; e – vertical virtual section, the black line shows the relationship with the section in Fig. 5, d; e – transverse virtual section, the black line shows the relationship with the section in Fig. 5, g; g – vertical virtual section, the black line shows the relationship with the section in Fig. 5, e. Designations: tr1 – vascular bundle separated from the upper row of vascular bundles; tr2 – vascular bundle separated from the lower row of vascular bundles; ub – upper row of vascular bundles; lb – lower row of vascular bundles; pt – petiole; the rest are as in Fig. 1; white lines indicate the correspondence of rachis tissues in the transverse and vertical sections.

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7. Table IX

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8. Table X

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