Trans-Arctic distribution of marine fish digenean Progonus muelleri (Derogenidae) tested by molecular data

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Abstract

In the digenean superfamily Hemiuroidea, a number of species are registered from a wide geographic range including the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. However, these distributions have not yet been confirmed with the molecular methods. In the present study, we performed molecular analysis of Progonus muelleri (Levinsen, 1881) (Derogenidae) from distant regions: the European sub-Arctic (the White, Barents and Pechora Seas) and the Pacific Northwest (the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific coast of the northern Kuril Islands). Two genetic lineages within P. muelleri, PM1 and PM2, are proved to occur in sympatry in the European sub-Arctic. We found minor differences in their maritae structure, and thus suppose they represent two pseudocryptic species. PM1 was also registered in the Pacific Northwest (PM1b) where it has differences in cox1 gene from the European sub-Arctic lineage (PM1a). The intramolluscan life-cycle stages of P. muelleri from the Sea of Okhotsk are described and compared with the ones from the White Sea. We hypothesize that PM1a, PM1b and PM2 are three distinct species, but this should be further tested.

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About the authors

D. Yu. Krupenko

Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg University

Author for correspondence.
Email: krupenko.d@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Universitetskaya emb., 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034; Universitetskaya emb., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034

G. A. Kremnev

Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: krupenko.d@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Universitetskaya emb., 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034

A. G. Gonchar

Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg University

Email: krupenko.d@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Universitetskaya emb., 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034; Universitetskaya emb., 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034

O. A. Skobkina

Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: krupenko.d@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Universitetskaya emb., 1, Saint Petersburg, 199034

K. V. Regel

Institute of the Biological Problems of the North, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: krupenko.d@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Portovaya str., 18, Magadan, 685000

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Haplotype network of Progonus muelleri isolates (N = 29) based on partial cox1 gene sequences. Circle size represents the haplotype frequency. Black dots indicate missing haplotypes.

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3. Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships within the Derogeninae resulting from Maximum Likelihood analysis based on partial cox1 gene sequences.

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4. Fig. 3. Sinus sac and sinus organ in maritae of PM1a (A), PM1b (B) and PM2 (С). Acetocarmine, DIC. Abbreviations: so – sinus organ, ssw – sinus sac wall.

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5. Fig. 4. Comparison of cercariae of PM1b (A) and PM1a (B); host names and photographs placed along with the cercariae drawings. Abbreviations: ap – caudal cyst aperture, cb – cercaria body, dt – delivery tube, fi – fin, ic – inner cyst layer, it – immotile threads, la – locomotory appendage, oc – outer cyst layer.

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