Hydrophilic colloidal CdS particles: synthesis, stabilization mechanism, spectral, optical and photocatalytic properties

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Abstract

Hydrophilic colloidal particles of cadmium sulfide CdS were obtained by chemical condensation. To form a hydrophilic shell an approach based on the formation of a micelle-like structure around CdS nanoparticles was used. The CdS micelle were formed due to the formation of stable complexonates with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid anions by surface cadmium atoms. The mechanism of aggregation stability of CdS nanoparticles in aqueous solutions was studied. Optical, spectral and photocatalytic properties of both nanostructured powders agglomerated from hydrophobic CdS nanoparticles and isolated hydrophilic CdS nanoparticles in a colloidal solution were investigated.

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About the authors

N. S. Kozhevnikova

Institute of Solid State Chemistry UB RAS; Ural Federal University

Author for correspondence.
Email: kozhevnikova@ihim.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620990; Ekaterinburg, 620002

I. V. Baklanova

Institute of Solid State Chemistry UB RAS

Email: kozhevnikova@ihim.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620990

A. N. Enyashin

Institute of Solid State Chemistry UB RAS

Email: kozhevnikova@ihim.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620990

A. P. Tyutyunnik

Institute of Solid State Chemistry UB RAS

Email: kozhevnikova@ihim.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620990

A. A. Ushkov

Ural Federal University

Email: kozhevnikova@ihim.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620002

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. Distribution ion diagrams characterizing the molar fractions α of all forms of acids present in the solution, depending on pH: a – C10H16N2O8 (H4Y); b – H2S.

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3. Scheme 1. Destruction of a colloidal solution of CdS

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4. Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction spectra of CdS powder obtained after rapid coagulation of a stable colloidal solution.

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5. Fig. 3. Electron micrographs (a) and results of elemental analysis (b) of CdS powder obtained after coagulation of the dispersed phase of the colloidal solution with a non-indifferent electrolyte.

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6. Fig. 4. Morphological features of CdS before and after coagulation: a – TEM image of clusters of powder nanoparticles and CdS EG. The top image shows the EG shooting area of ​​the selected area of ​​CdS powder; the bottom image shows the ring EG with highlighted gray arcs indexed by ring reflections corresponding to the cubic CdS phase (JCPDS 42-1411). b – TEM images of clusters of colloidal particles deposited directly from the colloidal solution onto the supporting carbon grid.

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7. Fig. 5. Raman spectra of a colloidal solution (a) and nanostructured CdS powder obtained after coagulation of the colloidal solution (b).

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8. Scheme 2. Structure of a micelle of a colloidal solution of CdS

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9. Fig. 6. Absorption spectra and graphical determination of the optical band gap Eg using the Tauc method for a colloidal solution (a) and CdS NPs after coagulation (b).

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10. Fig. 7. Density of states (DS) for wurtzite-like CdS containing no defects (a), containing S vacancies (b) or substitutional impurity OS (c), DFT calculations.

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11. Fig. 8. Visualization of luminescence (a) and luminescence spectrum (b) of a colloidal solution of CdS (lex = 440 nm).

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12. Fig. 9. Results of photocatalytic decomposition of GC under the influence of blue light (λmax = 440–460 nm) in the presence of nanostructured CdS powder and colloidal CdS solution.

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