Psikhologicheskii zhurnal

The article presents the results of a scientometric analysis of the publication activity of the outstanding Russian psychologist L.I. Antsyferova (1924–2013). In the course of the study a complete bibliography of the scientist’s works was compiled and the periods of her research activity were determined. The results of bibliographic (quantitative dynamics of works and co-authors) and thematic (most frequent terms and key word combinations) analyses are presented, as well as the number of annual citations of all works of the scientist, references to the works from each period of her scientific work, citations by organizations, journals, types, topics and keywords. The obtained data supplement and expand materials for the scientific biography of L.I. Antsyferova and give an idea of the demand for her works in chronological perspective.

The anniversary article reveals several topics that were developed by L.I. Antsyferova. It is shown that the questions posed by her and the solutions proposed are still relevant and up-to-date today. Her analysis of the limitations of the subject-activity approach pointed out its problem areas. This approach does not fully capture the fullness of personal existence, concentrating on the activity aspect in personality development. Analyzing the ideas of S.L. Rubinstein, she notes the ambiguity in the differentiation of concepts of subject and personality. Antsyferova offers her own understanding of the relationship between these concepts. The subject sets goals and outlines life plans, chooses life strategies, while the individual implements them in activities. A different solution to this relationship is proposed from the standpoint of the system-subject approach. It is the personality, as a meaningful component of a person, that directs interactions with the environment, and the subject, as an integrative component, implements them in accordance with his individual resources and tasks. In this case, there is no contradiction, because the subject directs the activity of the personality, making it more and more subjective. L.I. Antsyferova, discussing the relationship between the subject and personality, points out that raising questions about group personality is illegal. A hypothesis about the functions of group personality is outlined by analogy with individual personality: cognitive — collective orientation, values, meaning formation, reflection; regulatory — collective experiences; communicative — identifying objects and subjects of communicative interactions. The concept SELF–WE–THEY is proposed as a structure of collective personality, which unites the community and limits it. L.I. Antsyferova defended the need to change in attitudes towards the senile period as decay, intellectual decline, and creative impotence. In this regard, the modern studies about ageism and the significance of ideas about aging for the state of cognitive functions, health, and longevity are considered. The dynamics of the phenomenon of self-perception of age in short periods of time are shown, which correlate with L.I. Antsyferova’s concepts of personal transitions across the lifespan.

The relevance of personological developments in the history of psychology is considered and substantiated (ensuring the systematicity of historical and psychological research, identifying the mechanisms of continuity of scientific knowledge, its scientific, organizational and communication characteristics; developing an independent field of the history of psychology — biographical psychology; promoting the expansion of the boundaries of psychological knowledge, etc.). It is shown that the number of works devoted to the study of the creative heritage of scientists consistently occupies a significant place in modern historical and psychological research. Achievements of domestic historians of psychology in the development of theoretical, methodological and methodological developments for biographical research are specially considered. The theoretical foundations of the program for using the bibliometric method for analyzing the publication activity of a scientist in biographical research are outlined. A procedure for such a study is proposed, including five stages; the advantages and limitations of the proposed program are outlined, as well as ways to overcome these limitations.

The specifics of socialization processes in families with an employee (nanny) depend on the interaction between mother, nanny and child. The relationship between mother and child in such families indicates signs of partial maternal deprivation. Mother indirectly contributes to the formation of a reliable attachment between nanny and child by delegating her responsibilities for the care of the baby to the employee. Children raised in such families’ experience difficulties in interacting with their peers in future. Methodologically, we relied on the theory of attachment by J. Bowlby, especially his ideas about “monotropy”, the sensitive period of formation of maternal attachment, the importance of attachment relationships in the cognitive, social and emotional development of a child. In the context of early socialization in a family with an employee (nanny) children develop signs of partial maternal deprivation. This can lead to the peculiarities of the images of the mother and father in the representations of children and manifest themselves in interaction with peers. The psychological effects of early socialization in families with nannies are explained by the action of a complex reason — the mother’s willingness to delegate her duties to the nanny, the style of professional interaction between the nanny and the child, and the peculiarities of the child’s self-attitude.

Purpose of the study: to study the connections between the dynamics of a subject’s professional development and the conditions of his internal environment, actualized as resources. Hypotheses: 1) The conditions of the subject’s internal environment, updated as resources at different stages of his professional development, change the strength of influence and valence (sign). 2) In different professional fields, the conditions of the subject’s internal environment as resources differ. 3) For persons with different social success (career, self-realization in the family, etc.), the dynamics of updating the conditions of the subject’s internal environment differ. 4) In areas of activity with different levels of management hierarchy (interval of job promotion), the connections between the dynamics of the subject’s professional development and the updated resources differ. The author’s methodology “Dynamics of professional life style” was used. Respondents assessed, in points from 0 to 8, the conditions of the social environment as “factors of professionalism”, the dynamics of their professionalism from 20 to 65 years (retrospectively and prospectively), and recorded their socio-demographic and job characteristics. 218 people were surveyed (104 civil servants, 56 managers, 58 teachers), 89 men and 129 women 30–60 years old (M = 40.4; SD = 9.1). The features of updating the conditions of the internal environment as intrasubjective resources were analyzed; Descriptive statistics, t-comparison for independent groups and multiple regression analysis (MRA), Forward method were used. A clarification of working concepts (professional development of the subject (PSS), social success, “high”/“flat” management hierarchy, operational mechanisms) is proposed. It has been established: the greatest variations in variables that periodically change the sign and strength of influence are noted over 10-year age intervals from 30 to 50 years, different for representatives of three spheres of activity; the greatest changes in variables are in the “final” part of the career (50–65 years). In a two-level structure — functional systems (FS), formed on the basis of its individual characteristics, and operating systems (OS), formed by the subject of activity, it is possible to distinguish operational mechanisms (OM) — processes of bringing individual conditions of the subject’s internal environment into an active state, processes “actions” of the system, phases of mobilization of the new composition of the system to achieve the goal. In conclusion it is stated: in the diversity of conditions of success a common scheme is distinguished — “Subject1 — functional systems — operational systems — operational mechanisms — Subject2” (S1—FS—OS—OM—S2); operational mechanisms (OM) are special and unique in different systems. The problem of intrasubjective resources is a problem of the second half of a career. The interactions of the conditions of the external and internal environment of the subject form the special space-time of his life activity, leading to the “accumulation” of his specific changes as an individual, subject, personality.

A.R. Luria’s theory describes a structural and functional block that regulates the sleep–wake cycle and is involved in the awakening process. However, the features of interhemispheric asymmetry during awakening from different sleep phases remain insufficiently studied. There are practically no works on the EEG rhythms coupling during the restoration of activity immediately after awakening. Identification of differences in the functioning of the cerebral hemispheres (within the framework of A.R. Luria’s theory) upon awakening with varying efficiency of restoration of psychomotor activity. Identification of the connectivity of simultaneously functioning brain structures in 1 block according to A.R. Luria. Data from 15 of 83 participants who completed the entire study procedure were used for the analysis. Multichannel EEG was recorded in parallel with the bimanual psychomotor test. The power characteristics of the EEG were assessed based on the “mother” complex Morlet wavelet. The Kendall correlation coefficient served as a measure of the amplitude-amplitude interaction of EEG rhythms. Complete awakening is characterized by the presence of asymmetrical connections of EEG rhythms in both hemispheres. Incomplete awakening is accompanied by rhythmic connections in the left hemisphere only. The asymmetry of EEG rhythm coupling is observed in the frontal and temporal regions of the left hemisphere and in the frontal regions of the right hemisphere only during complete awakening. With incomplete awakening — in almost all areas of the left hemisphere. The performance of the psychomotor test is characterized by different efficiency of activity recovery after sleep, and different levels of efficiency are characterized by differences in the functioning of the hemispheres according to the EEG rhythm coupling. Connections between EEG rhythms were identified, on the basis of which an assumption was made about the coupled work of the thalamocortical and cortico-hippocampal systems within the 1 block according to A.R. Luria. Both types of awakening were characterized by the participation of all structural and functional blocks according to A.R. Luria, differing in the hemispheres depending on the type of awakening. Complete and incomplete awakenings are characterized not only by a different set of asymmetric EEG rhythm connections in the hemispheres, but also by their localization.

Based on a brief analysis of humanitarian discussions in European philosophy and the human studies of the Silver Age of Russian culture in the early twentieth century, the paper examines issues related to personality development in education and the ideological legacy of M.M. Rubinstein, an outstanding Russian philosopher, psychologist, and teacher of the first third of the 20th century. The socio-cultural, historical and scientific prerequisites of his philosophical and pedagogical work are summarized. For the first time, the logic of the development of his ideas and his development of the original anthropo-axeological concept of the “meaning of life” as an existential and psychological basis for the formation of free creativity in the processes of education and creation of values and cultural products is explicated. The importance of M.M. Rubinstein’s achievements for the psychological and pedagogical support of the development of a creative personality in the process of modernization of education is shown.

Binaural hearing, which is based on the processing of fine temporal structure of a signal, declines with age, which may have consequences for communication and socialization. The Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ) is widely used in world practice, but previously has not been used to identify age-related changes in the perception of communicative situations. This study is aimed at determining the validity of the questionnaire and its sensitivity to the age of the respondent. The survey involved 113 respondents with normal hearing, divided into two groups 113: (1) young, (2) middle and old age. Factor analysis revealed five factors that influence the perception of communicative situations. Analysis of the subscales of the SHQ questionnaire did not reveal significant differences in the studied groups of respondents. Normative data from the SHQ questionnaire were obtained for communicators in a wide age range — from 18 to 75 years.

The article is devoted to the life and scientific work of the famous Russian scientist-psychologist — Alexander Ivanovich Dontsov. The stages and directions of his scientific activity are traced. Particular attention is paid to the comprehensive study of a small group, a team, joint activities, the phenomenon of group cohesion in the works of A.I. Dontsov. His long-term teaching activity as a professor of the Department of Social Psychology of the Faculty of Psychology of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, fruitful work on the organization of the educational process and scientific research at the faculty as a dean and head of the Department of Social Psychology are noted. The talent of A.I. Dontsov as an organizer of science is noted, his contribution to the construction of the building of modern Russian social psychology is emphasized.

On October 17–18, 2024, the 4th International Scientific and Practical Conference “Current state and prospects of development of Labor Psychology and Organizational Psychology” was held at the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which brought together more than 120 participants from Russia and foreign countries. The conference was timed to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the Laboratory of Occupational Psychology, Ergonomics, Engineering and Organizational Psychology of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The conference program included a plenary session, breakout sessions and a round table where theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of labor psychology, organizational psychology, engineering psychology, ergonomics and professional viability were considered. A special feature of the forum was the expansion of the topic: the sections “History of labor psychology” and “Military psychology” were added. Among the issues discussed were the challenges facing the sciences of labor in the context of global changes: the transition to a multipolar world, a change in technological paradigm, international tensions, a special military operation, economic sanctions and the consequences of the pandemics. The reports covered a wide range of topics, including the use of artificial intelligence, historical and psychological analysis, problems of motivation, professional burnout, professional viability, human-technical interaction, as well as innovative approaches in the management of organizations. The conference became an important scientific event that outlined the main trends in the development of psychological science, current challenges and prospects, as well as confirmed the high level of interest in labor psychology, organizational and engineering psychology.