Shallow sea reverberation spectra study when the signal transmission and reception points are separated in space

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Abstract

In this paper we study characteristics of reverberation interference that occurs in the marine environment when long tonal pulses are emmited and scattered signals are recorded using a so-called bistatic scheme, i.e. when the receiver is located at a large distance away from the transducer. Probing of water area with tone pulses is carried out thus the necessary resolution to study both the Doppler spectrum and the temporal development of the reverberation signal is achieved by selecting the proper pulse length. The presented theoretical model is applicable to both direct problem and reverse problems, which are forecasting the characteristics of reverberation for a given sea state, and determining the properties of the marine environment, mainly its near-surface layer, basing on the results of acoustic sounding. The model is based on the representation of a scattered signal in the form of a superposition of reflections from scatterers, which are distributed along the depth and moving along circular trajectories. Their speeds are determined by the maximum amplitude and period of wind waves. The article continues a series of studies and generalizes the previous results to the conditions of significantly separated in space sound sources and receivers. The modeling results are confirmed by experimental data, involving such parameters as the width of the Doppler spectrum and the law of decay of reverberation intensity over time.

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About the authors

B. М. Salin

Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mikesalin@ipfran.ru
Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

V. V. Bakhanov

Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mikesalin@ipfran.ru
Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

O. N. Kemarskaya

Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mikesalin@ipfran.ru
Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

М. B. Salin

Federal Research Center A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: mikesalin@ipfran.ru
Russian Federation, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950

References

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2. Fig. 1. Dependence of RMS current velocity generated by waves at the sea surface and in the near-surface layer of effective thickness z0 = 30 m, calculated as functions of significant wave height for the Pearson-Moskowitz (P-M) and JONSWAP model dependencies, and measured in the experiment.

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3. Fig. 2. Conditional scheme for defining the scattering zones. Elliptical curves define regions with equal total delay along the path from source (I) to receiver (P). The dotted sectors have a width of 30°.

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4. Fig. 3. Possible values of correction to the Doppler velocity of particles in cases of different direction of wave arrival: solid curve - along-track wave, dashed line - across-track wave, horizontal line - reference value .

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5. Fig. 4. Spectra of the reverberation signal expressed in dB relative to the conventional unit, measured with delays of 2, 4, ... 18 s. At the top - non-directional reception, at the bottom - directional reception.

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6. Fig. 5.Averaged spectra of reverberation signals, the maximum is reduced to the -10 dB level. Solid lines 1 and 2 are measurements over the delay interval: black curve 1 - t ∈ 2...7 s and gray curve 2 - t ∈ 8...11 s.Dashed curve 3 and dashed curve 4 are calculation.Narrow black curve 5 is the direct signal and 6 is the calculation without excitement.Signals are taken (a) - single hydrophone; (b, c) - antenna from two directions. The antenna directivity does not appear in the computational model in this section.

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7. Fig. 6. Time dependences of reverberation levels averaged over 39 pulses at the central frequency of the analyzer (frequency band ~ 0.5 Hz) for 5 independent measurements, designated by working numbers (1-5) and separated in time by several days.Analytical dependencies are represented by the curves “theor.A” - plotted by formula (16), ”theor. B” - constructed by the similar formula derived for the ‘law of 3/2’, ”theor. C” - the law of recession obtained by approximation of experimental data. All curves are plotted relative to the conditional level.

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