Ecophysiology of extremophilic diatom alga Nitzschia cf. thermaloides from mud volcanoes of Crimea

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Abstract

The diatom alga Nitzschia cf. thermaloides can be found in large numbers in puddles and lakes in the places where mud volcanoes function in the area of the Bulganak mud volcano field (eastern Crimea). Environmental conditions in such reservoirs are extreme: salinity is from 18 to ≥70‰, insolation is extremely high, and ultraviolet radiation is very strong. The growth rate and the intensity of sexual reproduction of N. cf. thermaloides at different salinity and illumination levels have been studied in laboratory conditions. We have determined the limits of halotolerance and the optima of salinity and illumination for growth and sexual reproduction of the alga, capable of vegetative reproduction in an environment with salinity from 0 to 220‰. The range for sexual reproduction is narrower, from 6 to 54‰. The salinity of 22–25‰ and illumination of about 1.5 klx are optimal for both vegetative and sexual reproduction of N. cf. thermaloides.

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About the authors

O. I. Davidovich

Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station–Nature Reserve, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nickolaid@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Feodosiya

N. A. Davidovich

Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station–Nature Reserve, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: nickolaid@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Feodosiya

Yu. A. Podunay

Vyazemsky Karadag Scientific Station–Nature Reserve, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nickolaid@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Feodosiya

N. A. Martynenko

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nickolaid@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Diatom alga Nitzschia cf. thermaloides Hustedt: a – parental and first postinitial cells of a new generation, light microscopy, differential interference contrast; b, c – valve and valve fragment from the inside, SEM. Scale: a – 20 µm, b – 10 µm, c – 2 µm.

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3. Fig. 2. Emission spectrum of ERA LLED-05-T5-FITO-14W-W lamps (China), http://era74.ru/catalog/goods/svetilnik-era-lled-05-t5-fito-14w-w/#prettyPhoto.

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4. Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method based on the comparison of 85 nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene of chloroplast DNA of different species of the genus Nitzschia. Bootstrap values ​​are shown at nodes supported by >50%. The designations of tree branches indicate species names, strain names, and GenBank numbers (in brackets).

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5. Fig. 4. The rate of vegetative division of Nitzschia cf. thermaloides placed in an environment with different salinity without preliminary acclimation (a) and the frequency of its sexual reproduction at different salinity of the environment (b).

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6. Fig. 5. Dependence of the cell division rate (a) and the frequency of sexual reproduction (b) of Nitzschia cf. thermaloides on illumination. I½ is the half-saturation constant, Ik is the light saturation constant, Km is the maximum division rate. Average values ​​and their errors are given.

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