Altai Osmans of the Genus Oreoleuciscus and African Barbs of the Barbus intermedius Complex: the Common Patterns of Morphological Differences Between Piscivorous and Non-Piscivorous Forms under Sympatry Conditions

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Abstract

In populations of fish species of the same and of different systematic groups living in lakes of the same and of different continents the patterns of differences in factor loadings of the considered parameters of the morphology of the jaw apparatus and neurocranium on the main vectors of variability in comparison of piscivorous and non-piscivorous ecological forms almost coincides. It is shown that in the Altai osmans of the Oreoleuciscus potanini species in two lakes of the Central Asian Closed Basin, the structure of differences is almost identical to the structure of differences between the piscivorous and non-piscivorous forms of the barbs of the Barbus intermedius complex sensu Banister (1973) complex in the African Lake Tana. At the same time, the structure of the differences between the piscivorous and non-piscivorous forms of another species of Altai Osmans Oreoleuciscus humilis in a lake located in another part of the Central Asian Closed Basin differs significantly from the structure of differences in ecological forms of both the O. potanini species and the B. intermedius complex. It is assumed that the following explanation may be given for the revealed difference in the variability of Osmans in the studied water bodies. In the African lake Tana and Mongolian lakes Bayan and Khar-Us, the structure of differences reflects the already established situation of stationary coexistence of piscivorous and non-piscivorous forms in one water body. Whereas the structure of variability in the periodically drying Mongolian lake Lake Orog reflects not an established situation, but an incomplete process of its formation, interrupted over and over again by the death of the lake population in the next drought period.

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About the authors

A. N. Mironovsky

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: adissa@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

E. E. Slynko

Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian Biotechnological University

Email: adissa@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Borok, Nekouzskii raion, Yaroslavl oblast; Moscow 125080

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Diagram of skull measurements of Altai Ottomans of the genus Oreoleuciscus and African barbels of the Barbus intermedius complex. The parameters of the axial skull are: BL − the basal length of the skull; B1, B2, B3 – the distance between the outer edges of the frontalia, pterotica and sphenotica, respectively; B4 – the width of the skull at the junction of the frontale and pteroticum, HS1 and HS2 – the height of the skull at the level of the curve of the parasphenoideum and the posterior edge of the parasphenoideum, respectively. The parameters of the visceral skull are: Hm is the height of the hyomandibulare, Pop is the length of the praeoperculum, Op is the height of the anterior part of the operculum, Iop is the length of the interoperculum, Pmx, Mx and De are the length of praemaxillare, maxillare and dentale, respectively.

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3. Fig. 2. Individuals of fish-eating () and non-fish-eating () forms of the lake barbels. Tana (Ethiopia), the distribution of the first (GC1) and second (GC2) main components on the plane: a — carp and dark, b — carp and white hunch, c — zurkis and dark, d — zurkis and white hunch.

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4. Fig. 3. Individuals of fish—eating () and non-fish-eating () forms of the Altai Ottomans of the lakes of Mongolia, distribution on the plane of the first and second main components: a - lake. Bayan, b — oz. Har–Us, in — oz. Orog.

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5. Fig. 4. The structure of differences in skull parameters between pairs, each of which is represented by a fish-eating and non-fish-eating form: oz. Tana ‒ ca‒wh and ca‒da (a), zu-wh and zu-da (b), zu-wh and ca-da (c); oz. Bayan and oz. Har-Us (g); oz. Accordion and ca‒da pairs from oz. Tana (e); Orog and Bayan Lakes (e). Loads of parameters:  – parameters of the jaw arch Pmx, Mx, De;  – gill cover Pop, Op and  – Iop;  – axial skull B1, B2, B3, B4, HS1, HS2; • – hyoid arch Hm.

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