Value of optical coherence tomography angiography for the assessment of visual functions in children with retinopathy of prematurity

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Abstract

AIM: To compare and assess morphometric, structural, and microvascular parameters of the macular zone in children with cicatricial ROP grades I–III with different visual acuity from those in healthy peers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen children (36 eyes) aged 8–18 years with cicatricial ROP grades I–III were examined. Ten peers (20 eyes) made up the control group. All children, in addition to the standard ophthalmological examination, underwent optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography with angiography (OCTA). The diagnosis was carried out on a tomograph RS-3000 Advance 2 (Nidek (Japan)). In the resulting 3×3 mm scans with a center in the fovea, the vascular and perfusion density of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), deep retinal capillary plexus (DSP), and the foveolar avascular zone, were measured, the thickness of the retina in the fovea was evaluated, and the structure of the neuroepithelium in the macula was assessed.

RESULTS: In children born before 27 weeks, the central retinal thickness was higher than that in more “mature” children (231.8±18.2 and 208.2±15.2 mµ, respectively), and the relationship of this parameter with visual acuity was not explored. The vascular density of SCP in children with ROP and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) up to 0.4 and more than 0.4 were 1.46 mm-1 and 1.35 mm-1, respectively; and in the control group, it was 1.89 mm-1.

The perfusion densities of the SCP in these groups were 9.2%, 10.03%, and 13.3%, respectively. The vascular densities of the Deep capillary plexus (DCP) in children with ROP with BCVA up to 0.4 and more than 0.4 were 2.8 mm-1 and 3.0 mm-1, respectively; in the control group, it was 3.2 mm-1, and the perfusion density of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) in indicated groups were 25.7%, 30.9%, and 31.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The analysis of the architectonics of the retinal vascular bed in children with ROP using OCTA makes it possible to assess the relationship between microcirculation disorders in the central zone of the retina and visual acuity, which is of great scientific and practical importance.

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About the authors

Lyudmila A. Katargina

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases

Email: katargina@igb.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4857-0374

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Lyudmila V. Kogoleva

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases

Email: kogoleva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2768-0443

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Natalya A. Osipova

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases

Author for correspondence.
Email: natashamma@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3151-6910
SPIN-code: 5872-6819

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Nina Sh. Kokoeva

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases

Email: ninoofta@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2927-4446

ophthalmologist

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Оptical coherence tomography of the macular area of the retina of a child with a diagnosis of ROP, grade I, cicatricial phase: persistence of the inner layers of the retina in the fovea.

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3. Fig. 2. Superficial capillary plexus parameters (SCP): vascular density, mm-1, perfusion density, %. ROP — retinopathy of prematurity; BCVA — best corrected visual acuity.

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4. Fig. 3. Deep capillary plexus (DCP) parameters: vascular density, mm-1, perfusion density, %. ROP — retinopathy of prematurity; BCVA — corrected visual acuity.

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