Crystallization temperatures of vetreny belt komatiitic basalts, Karelia, based on partition of alumina between olivine and chromite

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Abstract

The Archean-Proterozoic transition in Earth's history is marked by significant changes in mantle dynamics and temperature regimes. A notable consequence is the disappearance of Al-depleted komatiites in the late Archean and the nearly complete absence of true komatiites since the Proterozoic. In this study, we present the investigation of the 2.41 Ga komatiitic basalts of the Vetreny Belt, dating back to the Archean-Proterozoic boundary. These rocks provide unique data on the composition of olivine and chromite, as well as on the crystallization temperatures based on Al-in-olivine geothermometry for Vetreny Belt komatiitic basalts. The temperatures of the earliest stages of crystallization were approximately 1240±25°C, indicating the presence of water in the melt and aligning with measured water contents of 0.4±0.2 wt. % H2O in the melt inclusions. However, during crystallization, the komatiitic basalt melt underwent degassing, resulting in mass crystallization and a temperature rise of approximately 20°C due to latent heat release. The degassing of water from the melt suggests crystallization in the surface conditions.

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About the authors

E. V. Asafova

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: asafoff@geokhi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. N. Koshlyakova

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: asafoff@geokhi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. V. Sobolev

University Grenoble Alpes

Email: asafoff@geokhi.ru

Academician of the RAS, l’Institut des Sciences de la Terre

France, CS40700, 38058 Grenoble CEDEX 9

D. P. Tobelko

Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: asafoff@geokhi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. N. Koshlyakova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: asafoff@geokhi.ru

Faculty of Geology

Russian Federation, Moscow

S. V. Mezhelovskaya

Geological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: asafoff@geokhi.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic cross-section of the Victoria lava lake, Vetreny Belt, Karelia [7]. Arrows on the cross-section indicate the sampling sites from the cumulative zone used in the work.

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3. Fig. 2. Micrograph of olivine from olivine cumulate sample 12103: a) image in reflected electrons, b) P distribution map demonstrates magmatic zoning characteristic of olivine. Ol – olivine, cpx – clinopyroxene.

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4. Fig. 3. Composition of olivine from komatiite basalts of the Vetreny Belt, sample 12103 (this work) in comparison with the compositions of olivine from typical Archean-Proterozoic komatiites [10] and sample 12105 [11].

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5. Fig. 4. Crystallization temperatures of komatiite basalts of the Vetreny Belt obtained using Al thermometry in olivine [12]. Data for sample 12105 from [11]. The dashed lines show the crystallization lines of the komatiite basalt melt without aqueous fluid and the initial melt containing 1 wt.% H2O. Large symbols show the average crystallization temperatures for samples 12105 and 12103 (for Fo <86 mol.%). The arrow reflects the increase in temperature in the melt.

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