Megafloods deposits in the middle Yenisei river valley

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Abstract

As a result of recent field studies in the Middle Yenisei Valley, the absence of high terraces of alluvial and periglacial origin, which traditionally formed the basis of the Quaternary stratigraphy of the Minusinsk basins, has been established. Sediments previously attributed to the alluvium of high terraces are super-flood. The article provides lithofacies characteristics of subaerial and megaflood deposits, as well as the features of their relationships in space. Information on paleontological and archaeological objects from stratified locations of the study area, for which geodatabases have been compiled, has been summarized and cartographically visualized. In the North Minusinsk Basin, the analysis of reference sections of the Kurtak region, worked out in detail stratigraphically and published by previous researchers, made it possible to determine the stratigraphic position of megaflood strata based on the occurrence between subaerial packs with paleosols. The geochronometric, paleontological, and geoarchaeological characteristics of the sequence of the studied geological deposits are given. On the basis of systematization of already known materials and generalization of new field data, the presence of deposits of three megaflood strata in the Middle Yenisei Valley was established: Razlog (II4 rz), Chaninskaya (III2 chn), Divninskaya (III4 dv).

About the authors

I. D. Zolnikov

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the RAS; Novosibirsk state university

Author for correspondence.
Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk

E. A. Filatov

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the RAS

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

I. S. Novikov

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the RAS

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

A. V. Shpansky

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the RAS; Tomsk State University

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Tomsk

A. M. Klementyev

Institute of the Earth’s Crust Siberian Branch of the RAS

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk

A. A. Anoikin

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Siberian Branch of the RAS

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

A. V. Vybornov

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the RAS; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Siberian Branch of the RAS

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk

N. V. Glushkov

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the RAS; Novosibirsk state university

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk

A. T. Dzhumanov

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the RAS; Tomsk State University

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Tomsk

E. A. Bordyugova

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the RAS; Novosibirsk state university

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk

D. E. Rogozin

Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy Siberian Branch of the RAS; Novosibirsk state university

Email: zol@igm.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Study area. 1 – quarry in the South Minusinsk Depression; 2 – well-21; 3 – Kurtak; 4 – coastal cliff near the Krasnoyarsk city hospital; 5 – quarry in the low terrace near the Korkino Village; 6 – coastal section near the Barabanovo Village; 7 – coastal section near the Beregovaya Taskino Village; 8 – well near the Bor Village.

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3. Fig. 2. Photographs of deposits: (а) – sandy loess-like deposits; (б) – spotted-banded humus-rich mictites; (в) – variegated gravel; (г) – parallel-bedded of from angular to rounded pebbles, angular fine pebbles, sands, and silty sands; (д) – enveloping occurrence of parallel-bedded sands; (е) – parallel-bedded silty sands.

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4. Fig. 3. Grain size composition of sediments. 1 – brown loess; 2 – brown alluvial fan deposits; 3 – fawn loess; 4 – fawn alluvial fan deposits; 5 – floodplain alluvium; 6 – channel alluvium; 7 – fine size fraction from “variegated” deposits; 8 – fine size fraction from mud mictites; paragenesis of well-sorted and washed sediments: 9 – sand; 10 – silty sand; 11 – silt.

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5. Fig. 4. Sections of the Kurtak region: (а) – Berezhekovo 1–4; (б) – Chaninskaya Mountain 1–2; (в) – Razlog-4; (г) – Berezhekovo-5. 1 – Paleozoic rock; 2 – silt; 3 – coarse gravel; 4 – sand; 5 – humus-rich mud myctites; 6 – automorphic buried soil; 7 – ephemeral buried soils and pedolites of Kurtaksky pedocomplex; 8 – pre-Quaternary formations; 9 – brown subaerial deposits; 10 – pale sandy subaerial deposits; 11 – megaflood deposits; 12 – mud flow mictites.

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6. Fig. 5. Summary section of Quaternary deposits of the Kurtak region. 1 – subaerial deposits; 2 – automorphic buried soils; 3 – ephemeral buried soils and pedolites; 4 – gravels; 5 – mictites; 6 – fluvial deposits; 7 – fawn sandy loess; 8 – typical brown loess; 9 – the Eopleistocene subaerial complex; 10 – megaflood deposits; 11 – Early Paleolithic archaeological site; 12 – Early Paleolithic archaeological sitesof dubious origin; 13 – early Upper Paleolithic archaeological sites; 14 – late Upper Paleolithic archaeological sites; 15 – mammoth faunal complex; 16 – redeposited faunal remains that are older than the host sediments; 17 – Khazar faunal complex; 18 – Vyatka faunal complex; 19 – Razdolninsky faunal complex.

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7. Fig. 6. Columns of sections discussed in the text. 1 – boulder; 2 – pebble; 3 – angular pebble crushed stone; 4 – fine pebble gravel; 5 – angular fine pebble debris; 6 – sand; 7 – silty sand; 8 – silt; 9 – buried soil paleosol; 10 – bedding layering; 11 – subaerial deposits; 12 – superflood megaflood deposits; 13 – alluvium. Section numbers are deciphered in the text and given in the legend to Fig. 1 caption.

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8. Fig. 7. Geomorphological profiles in sections of the sections shown on the Fig. 6. 1 – pre-Quaternary rocks; 2 – Quaternary sediments; 3 – location of sections; 4 – water level in the Yenisei River and Krasnoyarsk reservoir.

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