The influence of the early khvalynian transgression of the caspian sea on the structure of the volga river and its tributaries valleys (maliy karaman key site, saratov region)

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Resumo

The Early Khvalynian transgression of the Caspian Sea is one of the largest in the late Pleistocene. In connection with this, an extensive paleo-estuary was formed in the valley of the Volga River and its tributaries. The formation of terraces in the river valleys of the region is thus closely related to the transgressive-regressive dynamics of the Caspian Sea. This paper examines a key section of the river valley. Maliy Karaman (left tributary of the Volga River), its morphology and structure, lithological composition and age of the sediments composing the terraces, to establish the influence of the Early Khvalynian transgression of the Caspian Sea on the structure of the valley.

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Sobre autores

R. Makshaev

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: radikm1986@mail.ru
Rússia, Moscow

E. Matlakhova

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography

Email: radikm1986@mail.ru
Rússia, Moscow

N. Tkach

Geological Institute of the RAS

Email: radikm1986@mail.ru
Rússia, Moscow

D. Lobacheva

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography

Email: radikm1986@mail.ru
Rússia, Moscow

E. Lysenko

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography

Email: radikm1986@mail.ru
Rússia, Moscow

А. Tkach

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography

Email: radikm1986@mail.ru
Rússia, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Study area in the Maliy Karaman River valley. (a) – location of the key site (SRTM): 1 – cities, 2 – key area; (б) – surveyed points (Bing Map); (в) – general view of the valley; (г) – section MK-O; (д) – key points MK-3, MK-1.

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3. Fig. 2. Geomorphological map of the key site in the Maliy Karaman River valley: (a) – hypsometric map (DTM created in this study), (б) – geomorphological map. 1 – interfluve; denudation relief: 2 – erosion-denudation slope (Q3); accumulative relief (alluvial-marine): 3 – surface of the third floodplain terrace (Q3hv1-1), 4 – surface of the second floodplain terrace, levels IIa and IIb (Q3hv1-2); accumulative relief (alluvial): 5 – surface of the first floodplain terrace (Q3-4); the surface of the floodplain: 6 – of high (Q4), 7 – of middle (Q4), 8 – of low (Q4); relief forms and elements: 9 – ravines, 10 – hollows, 11 – cliffs; other designations: 12 – isolines; 13 – key points; 14 – river bed; 15 – profile line.

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4. Fig. 3. Geological and geomorphological profile along the line MK-9₋MK-3 (Maliy Karaman River valley). 1 – loess like loams (more than 15 m), eQ3; 2 – lower khvalynian horizon, alluvial-marine deposits, sands, siltstones, clays (up to 6 m), amQ3hv1-1; 3 – lower khvalynian horizon, alluvial-marine deposits, siltstones, chocolate clays (4–6 m), amQ3hv1-1; 4 – lower khvalynian horizon, alluvial-marine deposits, siltstones, chocolate clays (2–4 m), amQ3hv1-2; 5 – alluvial deposits, sands, sandy loams (up to 2.5 m), aQ3-4; 6 – Holocene horizon, alluvial deposits, sands, sandy loams (1–2 m), aQ4; 7 – IRSL dates (ka); 8 – radiocarbon dates (ka cal).

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5. Fig. 4. Lithofacies structure of the lower khvalynian deposits of the Maly Karaman River valley: (а) – layered lower khvalynian sands with clay interlayers (layer 2), section MK-O, (б) – lower khvalynian chocolate clays (layer 3), section MK-3.

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