Anomalic Quasi-Recurrent Variations of Cosmic Rays in September 2014 – February 2015

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Abstract

An abnormal behavior of galactic cosmic rays in September 2014 – February 2015, manifested in a significant modulation of its flux with a period close to solar rotation, is studied. The state of the solar magnetic field, changes in the parameters of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field during the specified period are analyzed. The reasons for the occurrence of longitudinal asymmetry in the distribution of galactic cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere are discussed. It has been established that the period under study is divided into two parts with different physical conditions on the Sun. Conclusions have been drawn about the decisive joint influence of sporadic and recurrent events: repeatedly renewable “magnetic traps” created by successive coronal mass ejections from the same longitudinal zone and anomalously expanded polar coronal holes with an enhanced magnetic field.

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About the authors

N. S. Shlyk

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)

Author for correspondence.
Email: nshlyk@izmiran.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, Troitsk

A. V. Belov

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)

Email: nshlyk@izmiran.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, Troitsk

V. N. Obridko

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)

Email: nshlyk@izmiran.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, Troitsk

M. A. Abunina

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)

Email: nshlyk@izmiran.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, Troitsk

A. A. Abunin

Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation of Russian Academy of Sciences (IZMIRAN)

Email: nshlyk@izmiran.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, Troitsk

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Variations of GCL (with a hardness of 10 GW) for 2012-2017 according to a network of neutron monitors with a sliding 27-day averaging. The period under study is highlighted by a rectangle.

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3. Fig. 2. Variations of the absorbed dose of HCL according to the data of the RAD detector on Mars and variations of CL according to the network of NM ground stations for the period March 2014 — July 2015.

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4. Fig. 3. The magnitude of the polar field for the period from November 14, 2011 to December 7, 2016 according to the WSO observatory. N is the magnetic field in the Northern Hemisphere, S is in the Southern hemisphere, Avg is the average value (modulo), Avgf is the average value using a low—pass filter (http://wso.stanford.edu/Polar.html ).

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5. Fig. 4. The magnitude of the magnetic dipole in the Sun in 2011-2018. The gray curve is the equatorial dipole, the black one is the axial dipole.

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6. Fig. 5. Variations in the density of CL with a hardness of 10 GW (upper panel, right scale, daily average values) and the magnitude of the magnetic field (lower panel, left scale): dark gray curve — the field on the surface of the source (Br) at the point where the solar wind is directed to the Earth, light gray — the radial component of the MMP (Bx), the black one is the MMP module (B).

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7. Fig. 6. From left to right: the magnetic field at the photosphere level, the field on the surface of the source, the quadrupole field on the photosphere. Here and further on in the drawings, dark gray isolines indicate the direction of the magnetic lines from the Sun, light gray ones - towards the Sun, the neutral line is indicated by a black curve.

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8. Fig. 7. Integral images of the Sun from September 9, 2014 (left) and November 7, 2014 (right), adapted from the website: https://www.solen.info/solar/

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9. 8. Synoptic maps of the magnetic field on the surface of the photosphere (top) and on the surface of the source (bottom), centered on November 9, 2014. Heliographic longitudes are plotted along the horizontal axis, and latitudes (in degrees) are plotted along the vertical axis. The circles show the bases of the open lines of force.

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10. Fig. 9. The magnetic field on the sphere on the surface of the source (left) and the dipole field (right, harmonic with L =1).

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11. Fig. 10. Distribution of the MMP polarity over 27-day periods (according to Bartels) for 2014-2015. On the upper scale are the days of Bartels' turnover. The rectangle highlights the period under discussion.

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12. Fig. 11. Variations in the velocity of CB and MMP induction near the Earth (sliding 27-day averaging) in 2014-2015.

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13. Fig. 12. The relationship of the magnitude of the modulation of the CL flow (A0,%) from the sign of the equatorial component of the MMP (Bx, nTl) for the period September 2014 — February 2015.

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14. Fig. 13. Screenshot of the multi-KVM distribution model (according to the data http://helioweather.net ) at the beginning of September 2014, the white line shows the position of the heliospheric current layer, the black lines show the boundaries of the KVM.

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