Nutrition-dependent factors of cardiovascular risk in workers in hazardous industries

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, there is a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among workers in hazardous industries. The modern concept of the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular pathology includes provisions on multifactoriality. Timely detection of disorders of lipid metabolism is extremely important, since the atherosclerotic process is one of the most important factors of cardiovascular risk. Analysis of the modifiable causes of the development of dyslipidemia in workers of industrial enterprises, the main component of which is poor nutrition, is of undoubted relevance

The purpose is to study the characteristics of the diet in terms of the development of atherogenic dyslipidemia, as a cardiovascular risk factor, for workers of industrial enterprises.

Materials and methods. There were examined fifty seven 47–62 years male employees in the engineering industry, working under conditions of exposure to harmful production factors, such as the severity of the labour process and noise, exceeding hygienic standards. The examinees were divided into two groups taking into account the blood lipid spectrum. The first group included workers with atherogenic dyslipidemia (37 people), the second group of 20 people consisted of workers with an optimal lipid profile. The subjects of both groups are comparable in terms of experience, age, and level of physical activity. Laboratory studies included the determination of lipid spectrum indices. The assessment of the actual nutrition by the frequency method with a quantitative assessment of the consumed food products was carried out. The reliability of differences in characteristics was determined using the Pearson criterion.

Results. The diets in workers with atherogenic dyslipidemia more often exceeded the physiological needs for energy, total fat, cholesterol, saturated fatty acids in comparison with the diets of workers with an optimal lipid profile, the differences in cholesterol intake were statistically significant. Insufficient intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber also had differences between the groups of the examined: it was more often observed in the diet of people with dyslipidemia, achieving significant differences in the level of dietary fiber deficiency.

Limitations. The subjects were workers in the mechanical engineering industry, working under conditions of exposure to the severity of the labor process and noise that exceeded hygienic standards. Data are limited to voluntary study participants.

Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the importance of developing healthy eating habits as one of the directions for effectively reducing cardiovascular risk and preventing atherosclerosis in workers in the mechanical engineering industry in particular, and hazardous industries, in general.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in compliance with ethical standards, approved by the local ethical committee of the F.F. Erisman Federal Research Center for Hygiene of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welbeing (Protocol No. 6 of 22.07.2022), and the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (as mended 2013) was carried out. Voluntary informed consent was received from all participants.

Contribution:
Yatsyna I.V. – concept and design of the study, discussion of the results, editing;
Sheenkova M.V. – concept and design of the study, data processing, text writing, discussion of results, statistical analysis, collection of literature data, editing;
Gavrilchenko D.S. – collection and processing of material, statistical analysis, text writing, collection of literature data.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: April 18, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: July 31, 2024