Historical aspects of water quality control in Russia. To the 150th anniversary of the first Zemstvo sanitary station and the 100th anniversary of the establisment of the State sanitary epidemiological service (literature review)

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the history of water quality control in Russia in connection with the 150th anniversary of the establishment of the first Zemstvo sanitary station and the 100th anniversary of the publication of the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars “On sanitary authorities of the Republic”. A historical retrospective analysis of publications was carried out using the database of the Russian Scientific Electronic Library eLibrary.Ru, integrated with the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), and reports from the collections of the scientific library of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov.

The data on the creation of the first Perm Zemstvo sanitary station in Russia and the conduct of original scientific research on the use of chemical and bacteriological methods of water quality control in it are presented. The achievements of Russian scientists in the field of establishing sanitary protection zones of water sources and the role of oil pollution of rivers are shown. The significance of the Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars “On sanitary bodies of the Republic” issued in 1922 in the legislative regulation of drinking water quality is determined. The activity of the bodies of the sanitary service of the Red Army to ensure adequate water supply in order to preserve the combat capability of the troops during the Great Patriotic War has been studied. A list of regulatory documents determining the quality of drinking water from 1945 to 2021 is presented, an analysis of new modern methods of quality control is carried out, the main requirements for which are expressiveness, reproducibility, accessibility.

Conclusion. The creation of the first Zemstvo sanitary station and the State Sanitary Service in Russia served as the basis for the development of methods for monitoring the quality of drinking water, which went from the initial methods of assessing organoleptic indicators to the use of quantitative standards and the creation of innovative high-tech methods for studying it.

Contribution:
Bolechan V.N. — research concept and design, material collection, text writing;
Subbotina T.I. — material collection and data processing, text writing;
Krivtsov A.V. — editing, material collection;
Sorokoletova E.F. — editing;
Ishchuk Yu.V. — material collection, research design.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: June14, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: February 15, 2023

About the authors

Vasiliy N. Bolechan

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2627-5534
Russian Federation

Tat’yana I. Subbotina

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: subbotina-vmeda.subbotina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3217-8191

MD, PhD, DSci., senior researcher (nutrition and water supply), Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, 194044, Russian Federation.

e-mail: Subbotina-vmeda.subbotina@yandex.ru

Russian Federation

Andrey V. Krivtsov

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5919-2850
Russian Federation

Yelena F. Sorokoletova

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9645-3391
Russian Federation

Yuliya V. Ishchuk

Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8716-3528
Russian Federation

References

  1. Rakhmanin Yu.A., Malysheva A.G. The concept of the development of the state of chemical-analytical environmental monitoring. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2013; 92(6): 4–9. (in Russian)
  2. Narykov M.I., Lizunov V.I., Bokarev M.A. Hygiene of Water Supply [Gigiena vodosnabzheniya]. St. Petersburg: SpetsLit; 2011. (in Russian)
  3. El’piner L.I. Medical and environmental aspects of the drinking water supply crisis. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2013; 92(6): 38–44. (in Russian)
  4. Kleyn S.V., Vekovshinina S.A., Sboev A.S. Priority risk factors of drinking water and the related with it economical loss. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2016; 95(1): 10–4. (in Russian)
  5. Rakhmanin Yu.A., Rozental’ O.M. On elevating the reliability of the hygienic assessment of water quality of natural sources of drinking water supply. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2021; 100(11): 1198–202. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-11-1198-1202 (in Russian)
  6. Pirogov N.I. Beginnings of General Military Field Surgery [Nachala obshchey voenno-polevoy khirurgii]. Dresden: Printing house of E. Blochman and son; 1865. (in Russian)
  7. Krotkov F.G. N.I. Pirogov and Hygienic Science in Russia [N.I. Pirogov i gigienicheskaya nauka v Rossii]. Moscow: Meditsina; 1986. (in Russian)
  8. Khlopin G.V. Comparative evaluation of bacteriological and chemical methods of water research in sanitary terms. Vestnik Obshchestvennoy gigieny. 1889; (12): 96–110. (in Russian)
  9. Khlopin G.V. Concerning the analyzes of waters made in the Perm sanitary station. In: Collection of Works of the Perm Zemstvo Sanitary Station [Sbornik rabot Permskoy zemskoy sanitarnoy stantsii]. Perm’; 1889: 117–21. (in Russian)
  10. Khlopin G.V. To the question of the significance of oxidizability, the index of oxygen variability and the number of bacteria for the sanitary assessment of water. Vrach. 1893; (2): 328–30. (in Russian)
  11. Khlopin G.V. Nitrogen bases of Baku oil, their chemical composition and physiological properties. In: Collection of Works of the Hygienic Laboratory of Yuryev University [Sbornik rabot gigienicheskoy laboratorii Yur’evskogo universiteta]. Yur’ev; 1902: 178–203. (in Russian)
  12. Gorbanev S.A., Nikulenkov A.M., Eremin G.B., Bashketova N.S., Badaeva E.A., Lomtev A.Yu. Problems of designing and sanitary-epidemiologic expertise of projects of sanitary protection zones of underground water supply sources. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2018; 97(12): 1152–6. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2018-97-12-1152-1156 (in Russian)
  13. Zholdakova Z.I., Sinitsina O.O., Turbinskiy V.V. About adjustment of requirements to zones of sanitary protection of sources of the centralized economic and drinking water supply of the population. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2021; 100(11): 1192–7. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-11-1192-1197 (in Russian)
  14. Khlopin G.V. Analysis of Drinking, Waste and Mineral Waters [Metody sanitarnykh issledovaniy. Analiz pit’evykh, stochnykh i mineral’nykh vod]. Leningrad; 1928. (in Russian)
  15. Khlopin G.V. Chemical Methods for Studying Drinking and Waste Waters. A Practical Guide for Physicians, Students of Medical Courses and Students [Khimicheskie metody issledovaniya pit’evykh i stochnykh vod. Prakticheskoe rukovodstvo dlya vrachey, slushateley meditsinskikh kursov i studentov]. St. Petersburg; 2013. (in Russian)
  16. Rakhmanin Yu.A., Krasovskiy G.N., Egorova N.A., Mikhaylova R.I. 100 years of drinking water regulation. Retrospective review, current situation and prospects. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2014; 93(2): 5–18. (in Russian)
  17. Pryamitsin V.N., Chertov V.V. «In a combat situation, troops are often ready to drink any water». History of water supply in the domestic Armed Forces. Voenno-istoricheskiy zhurnal. 2019; (1): 12–9. (in Russian)
  18. Volzhinskiy V.A., Lifshits M.S., Prokhorov G.V. Elements of Field Hygiene for the Commander of the Red Army [Elementy polevoy gigieny dlya komandira Krasnoy Armii]. Leningrad: Medgiz; 1941. (in Russian)
  19. Manual on the Field Water Supply of Troops [Nastavlenie po polevomu vodosnabzheniyu voysk]. Moscow: Voenizdat; 1941. (in Russian)
  20. Military Sanitary Directory [Voenno-sanitarnyy spravochnik]. Moscow: Medgiz; 1941. (in Russian)
  21. Krotkov V.F. Military hygiene in World War II. Voenno-meditsinskiy zhurnal. 1945; (1): 48–52. (in Russian)
  22. Vavilin P.A., Gusev M.I. Sanitary and hygienic service of the Soviet Army during the Great Patriotic War. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 1985; 64(4): 4–5. (in Russian)
  23. Novikova Yu.A., Fridman K.B., Fedorov V.N., Kovshov A.A., Tikhonova N.A., Myasnikov I.O. About the question of the assessment of the drinking water quality in centralized water systems in the current conditions. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2020; 99(6): 563–8. https://doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-6-563-568 (in Russian)
  24. Rakhmanin Yu.A., Stekhin A.A., Yakovleva G.V. Structure-energy indices assessment of the quality of drinking water. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2012; 91(4): 87–94. (in Russian)
  25. Rakhmanin Yu.A., Mel’tser A.V., Kiselev A.V., Erastova N.V. Hygienic substantiation of management decisions with the use of the integral assessment of drinking water on indices of chemical harmlessness and epidemiological safety. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2017; 96(4): 302–5. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-4-302-305 (in Russian)
  26. Izmaylova N.L., Lyashenko O.A., Antonov I.V. Biotesting and Bioindexation of the State of Water Bodies [Biotestirovanie i bioindeksatsiya sostoyaniya vodnykh ob”ektov]. St. Petersburg; 2014. (in Russian)
  27. Onishchenko G.G., Rakhmanin Yu.A., Karmazinov F.V., Grachev V.A., Nefedova E.D. Drinking Water Quality Benchmarking [Benchmarking kachestva pit’evoy vody]. St. Petersburg: Novyy zhurnal; 2010. (in Russian)
  28. Rozental’ O.M., Aleksandrovskaya L.N. Risk-Based Approach to Water Quality Assessment of Drinking Water Supply Sources. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2019; 98(5): 563–9. https://doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-5-563-569 (in Russian)
  29. Sinitsina O.O., Turbinskiy V.V. On the hygienic scientific provision of the water strategy of the Russian Federation. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 2021; 100(9): 923–8. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2021-100-9-923-928 (in Russian)
  30. Trishkin D.V., Fisun A.Ya., Kryukov E.V., Vertiy B.D. Military medicine and modern warfare: experience of history and forecasts, what to expect and what to prepare for. In: Status and Prospects for the Development of Modern Science in the Direction of «Biotechnical Systems and Technologies». Collection of Articles of the III All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference [Sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya sovremennoy nauki po napravleniyu «Biotekhnicheskie sistemy i tekhnologii». Sbornik statey III Vserossiyskoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii]. Anapa; 2021: 8–16. (in Russian)
  31. Bokarev M.A., Lopatin S.A., Kuznetsov S.M. Legal framework for medical monitoring of water supply population (troops). Izvestiya Rossiyskoy voenno-meditsinskoy akademii. 2019; 38(4): 73–80. (in Russian)
  32. Sokolov D.M., Kashintsev I.V., Sokolov M.S., Kantor L.I., Mel’nitskiy I.A., Trukhanov N.V. Drinking water quality and innovative methods of control (problem-analytical review). Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 2010; (8): 15–25. (in Russian)

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Bolechan V.N., Subbotina T.I., Krivtsov A.V., Sorokoletova Y.F., Ishchuk Y.V.


СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 37884 от 02.10.2009.