Vol 98, No 11 (2019)

Introduction. Currently, in force hygienic normative-methodical documents (SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03, SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.2620-10, SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16) do not allow to objectively estimating EMF on modern workplaces of personal computers (PCs) users by and other means of information and communication technologies (ICT).

Aim of the study is scientific substantiation of improvement of normative-methodical documentation on hygienic regulation and evaluation of EMF in computerized workplaces using modern ICT.

Material and methods. The analytical method of evaluation of modern normative-methodical documentation regulating hygienic norms and methods of evaluation of EMF in the workplace of PC users is used. More than 11 thousand measurements of EMF levels were carried out.

Results. A critical analysis of the current hygienic regulations of EMF in the workplace of PC users and other means of ICT in Russia showed they to be not scientifically justified, and the existing methodology does not allow an adequate hygienic assessing of the electromagnetic environment (EME).

The main sources forming EME on modern workplaces of PC users are both PCs, and switching power supplies, network support devices (UPS), cable lines, wiring, broadband wireless access systems (base stations, Wi-Fi routers, access points, external and built-in laptops USB modems), cell phones, lamps of local and general lighting. EMFs on a workplace of PC users are characterized by complex amplitude-frequency composition: electric and magnetic fields at frequencies of 30 Hz – 300 kHz, EMF at frequencies above 300 MHz, electrostatic fields, hypogeomagnetic fields.

New EMF hygienic standards at workplaces of PC users and other means of ICT are scientifically proved.

Conclusion. The introduction of new regulations will ensure an adequate hygienic assessment of EMF in the workplaces of PC users in each normalized frequency band in total from all sources and will eliminate the current contradictions and shortcomings. The introduction of new EMF hygienic standards in the practice of sanitary and epidemiological supervision will preserve the health of the PC users and other ICT facilities.

Introduction. Phenol, as well as diatomic phenols, are among the most common and priority organic pollutants of the environment. Getting into the water with sewage in real conditions of pollution, under the influence of natural physicochemical factors, phenols, as highly reactive compounds, undergo a transformation, as a result of which new, sometimes more toxic compounds may be formed.

Purpose of the study is to investigate the transformation processes under the impact of the natural physicochemical factors of phenol, hydroquinone, pyrocatechin, and resorcinol in surface water.

Material and methods. The processes of transformation of phenol and diatomic phenols were studied by the methods of spectrophotometry and luminescence spectroscopy. Absorption spectra were recorded with a UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan), and fluorescence spectra were recorded on a CM2203 spectrofluorometer (Solar CJSC, Belarus). The degradation of phenols to CO₂ and H₂O (mineralization) at room temperature in natural samples was determined using a TOC-VCHP total carbon analyzer (Shimadzu, Japan).

Results. The decrease in phenol concentration in river water was subject to linear dependence. The transformation kinetics of resorcinol corresponded to a sequential reaction. The processes of transformation of hydroquinone and pyrocatechin were dominated by chemical oxidation processes. Hydroquinone completely transformed within 24 hours. The degree of conversion of pyrocatechol 87.5% was achieved in 3 days and did not change during the month. During the month, the mineralization of phenol amounted to 90%, hydroquinone, and pyrocatechol - 55% and 45%, respectively. The complete transformation of resorcinol occurred in 7 days. A compound having a bright fluorescence and constituting a product of resorcinol polycondensation, whose concentration increased during the whole experiment, was formed. The degree of mineralization of resorcinol was 93%.

Conclusion. The transformation of phenol, hydroquinone, pyrocatechin, and resorcinol in the surface water is caused by the processes of natural chemical and biochemical oxidation and depends on the chemical composition and concentration of presented impurities.

Introduction. Russia annually produces about 400 thousand tons of Hazard Class I (extremely hazardous) and Hazard Class II (highly hazardous) wastes.

Material and methods. The Program includes the study of the hazardous chemical pollution produced by the waste disposed at the Krasny Bor Landfill within a radius of 1–4 km over the period from 2009 to 2013. Samples of water, sediments, soil, and atmospheric air were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography with highly sensitive detectors, as well as IR spectroscopy.

Results. At all sampling sites, the air concentrations of priority pollutants characteristic of the waste disposed at the Landfill did not exceed the MAC level. Analysis of water and sediments from channels at the Landfill showed that the concentrations of a number of chemical pollutants at the border of the 1-km zone exceed the corresponding regulatory standards. Heavy pollution of wastewater and bottom sediments at the Landfill with some waste components, including organochlorine compounds, oil products, and heavy metals, as well as uneven pollution of soil in the 1-km zone from the Landfill in the northern and western directions, i.e. toward the potential residential development, with lead, copper, zinc, petroleum products, polychlorinated biphenyls, benzo[a]pyrene, and xylene isomers was revealed.

Conclusion. The resulting data provides evidence for the adverse environmental impact of the Krasny Bor Landfill. The territory of the Landfill has been stabilized to allow further trouble-free development of a complex of measures on a scheduled basis.

Introduction. Much attention is paid to the production of green products of aromatic plants from local raw materials, as one of the priorities implemented under the program “The Concept of the State Policy in the Field of Healthy Nutrition of the Population of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2020”. For the year-round consumption of green mass of plants, there are used different technologies of cultivation. Specific growing conditions (short light day and low light) in the autumn-winter period of highly productive plants in our country are possible only with the use of additional sources of artificial light.

Material and methods. Studies of the effect of different growing technologies on the component composition of essential oil and volatile plant excreta using the example of peppermint carried out by chromatography-mass spectrometry with analytical complex «Clarus 600M» by Perkin Elmer (USA) (flame ionization) and mass spectrometry detectors with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system Focus GC DSQ II by Thermo Scientific (USA).

Results. The use of new technologies for growing ether-bearing plants may cause a change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil and volatile plant excretions. Because of re-lighting by narrow cavity light, there have been changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil and volatile mint emissions. The disappearance of sabinene, bourbonene, myrtenol, colamen found in control samples and the formation of cumene, 3-hexyl-2-methylbutyrate, germacrene, carvone, cubenol, a decrease in the content of the main components: menthol, menton, benzyl alcohol, sabinene, bourbonene; an increase in the content of methylacetate, isomentone, isomenthol, neomentilacetate. With combined lighting, a reduction from 43 to 31 compounds was established with a decrease in their total content in the composition of the volatile fraction.

Conclusion. Terpene hydrocarbons are the most hygienically significant substances belonging to the group of easily transformed substances, and oxygen-containing compounds (aldehydes, ketones, phenols, furans, pyrans, ethers) identified in the group of toxic and dangerous chemicals

Introduction. The results of experimental studies on the comparative assessment of the effects of various doses of UV radiation on the survival of poliovirus type I LSc2ab, phage MS-2, hepatitis A viruses and their RNA in tap water are presented.

Material and methods. Poliomyelitis viruses of type I strain LSc2ab (PV), viruses of hepatitis A, strain HAS-15 (HAV), phages MS-2, free RNA isolated from hepatitis viruses and poliomyelitis were introduced into model reservoirs with dechlorinated Moscow tap water. Water samples were taken from each tank and subjected to ultraviolet irradiation (UVR) with a wavelength of 254 nm with doses of 25, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mJ/cm². PV titration was performed on a BGM monkey kidney cell transplant line; MS-2 phages were determined by the agar layer method using the E. coli K12F + Str. detector; determination of PV RNA and HAV was carried out on the Rotor Gene^TM 6000 amplifier in RT-PCR reaction in real-time using appropriate test systems. Extraction and isolation of RNA from samples of PV and HAV were also performed using reagent kits of domestic and foreign production.

Results. Ultraviolet irradiation in doses from 25 to 100 mJ/cm² was shown to have a pronounced inhibitory effect on phages MS-2 and PV, determined by traditional methods in accordance with the methodological guidelines MUK 4.2.1018-01 and MUK 4.2.2029-05. At UVR doses of 80 and 100 mJ/cm², complete inactivation of MS-2 and PV phages in water was noted. At the same time, these same doses of UVR had a less inhibitory effect on PVA, HAV RNA, as well as on isolated free PVA RNA/X and HAV, which were more stable and continued to be determined by RT-PCR in water at all doses of UVR, including 80 and 100 mJ/cm².

Conclusion. If only RNA viruses are detected in the treated drinking water and there are no other direct or indirect indices of viral contamination, it is impossible to unambiguously judge the extent of the potential epidemic hazard of the water body. This requires the development of reliable additional tests confirming the infectivity of viruses, determined only by RNA or DNA markers.

Introduction. The work is devoted to the study of associated water phase magnetic state influence, represented by amorphous ice with a modified ratio of isomers in the increasing of para-water proportion, and non-local water activation based on the technology of non-local quantum water conjugation with the production activating process, on the vital hydrobionts Daphnia magna signs.

Material and methods. The studies were carried out using non-locally activated drinking water “Si” and a para-water concentrate prepared in hypomagnetic conditions at a residual magnetic flux density not more than 20ntl according to the manufacturer’s technology. The para-water concentrate was introduced into the hydrobionts medium in the ratio of 9 ml per 1 liter of water under study.

To obtain offspring, individuals were used, derived on the settled tap water (1^st generation) and individuals, derived on the water “Si” - 2^nd generation. One-day individuals of Daphnia magna were placed in the amount of 20pcs/l of the studied water and the entire life cycle were kept in optimal conditions: climatostat P-2 (temperature - 20±1°C, illumination – 1200-2500lux, photoperiod - 12/12) hour. Feeding of Daphnia was carried out by Chlorella microalgae grown on the medium “Tamiya”-50% with a density D=0.65-0.72.

Results. The life expectancy of Daphnia magna hydrobionts in the non-locally activated environment (water “Si”) increases by an average of 38 days in the first generation and 50 days in the second generation, and in an environment with a potentiating additive para-water associates for 58 days (first generation) and 41 days (second generation).The life expectancy of aquatic animals is related by negative correlation with the change in values of the oxidation-reductant potential (Eh) of the environment of hydrobionts development (k_Corr.=-0.993 (1^st generation). Both non-local water activation and spin-modification of its associated phase by para-isomers demonstrate an increase in the hydrobionts productivity:

• in non-locally activated water – 1.20 (1st generation) and 2.68 (2nd generation);
• in non-locally activated water with the addition of para-water – 1.39 (1st generation) and 1.97 (2nd generation) times.

Conclusion. From the results it follows that the determining factor in the hydrobionts medium is its quantum coupling with electron sources in the external environment. This determines the importance of water quantum coupling with natural ecosystems, affecting cellular metabolism. Spin para modification of the associated water phase leads to an additional increase in the hydrobionts life expectancy in the first generation. In the second generation, the influence of para-water is accompanied by some decrease in both the life hydrobionts expectancy and their productivity.

Introduction. At the prenosological level, the impact of vocational training conditions on the indices of health and the quality of life of college students who master groups of occupations that are different in nature and working conditions was assessed.

Material and methods. A survey of 1- and 3-year students engaged in vocational secondary education with conditionally “light” (woodworking and restoration) and “difficult” (welders and car mechanics) conditions of work practice was conducted. The questionnaire of quality of life (MOS SF-36) was used, medical and social status was assessed (complaints, the presence of chronic diseases, assessment of well-being, the severity of fatigue, ARVI morbidity rate). The results are processed according to the standard software package using evidence-based medicine.

Results. There were obtained marked differences in the nature of the influence of learning conditions on the health and quality of life of students undergoing industrial training in different hygienic conditions. The impact of training and production load during the development of conditionally “light” professions was accompanied by an increase in the health index of graduates, a decrease in the frequency of complaints of headaches and pain associated with ARVI, an increase in undifferentiated complaints. Indices of the quality of life were characterized by an increase in role-based physical functioning (RPF) and a decrease in mental health (MH), which was correlated with increased fatigue. When teaching “hard” occupations in 3-year students, there was an increase in the total number of complaints, complaints of weakness, complaints related to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), musculoskeletal system and other (undifferentiated) complaints. Indicators of quality of life decreased according to two parameters of physical health (RPF and GIT) and two parameters of mental health (role emotional functioning and MH).

Conclusion. The significant contribution of occupational training to the deterioration of functional capabilities and the quality of life associated with health is shown for college graduates who learn occupations a profession with “hard” working conditions. Attention is drawn to new forms of the implementation of vocational training in the dual (practice-oriented) training system with an increase in production training time at the workplaces of enterprises, as well as issues of improving the medical support system for students in vocational colleges.

Introduction. The wide coverage of modern schoolchildren with cell phones (CP), the increased vulnerability of children to radiofrequency radiation, the lack of age standards for safe CP use determined the aim of the study: to identify CP radiation levels and use modes, associated with the health risks in modern schoolchildren.

Material and methods. In a cross-sectional study of 80 modern schoolchildren (8.57 ± 0.75 y.o; 2017-2018 education years) without neurological complications in history by measuring CP power flux density (PFD), questioning and risks calculating, there were determined the radiation levels and daily modes of СT use (calls number - CN, duration of call - CD, and calls total duration - CTD), which are associated with the risks of clinically significant health deviations (dizziness, 4 or more colds per year, and frequent (several times a week) headaches, sleep disturbances, fatigue, anxiety, low mood, poor attention, and memory).

Results. The risk of dizziness increases when children use CP with a maximal PFD ≥100 µW/cm² (OR = 4.44; 95% CI: 1.15-9.27), or if CTD increases from 6.25 to ≥12 minutes (OR= 8.55; 95% CI 1.74-7.11). Increasing CN from 1-2 to 3-5 causes the risk of frequent anxiety (OR 7.86; 95% CI 1.26-31.8). Using the «push-button» CPs in comparison with smartphones is associated with the frequent low mood (OR= 5.42; 95% CI: 1.47–6.10).

Conclusion. The use of «push-button» CР, CР with PFD ≥ 100 µW/cm², CTD ≥ 6.25 minutes, CN > 1-2 cause risks for children’s health

Introduction. To prevent climate-dependent diseases, it is important to identify relationships in the system “Climate and weather – human vital activity”, which is especially important in present conditions of significant climate change.

The purpose of the work is to probate the methodology of forecasting the adverse impact of extremely hot weather on human health in the South of the Russian Far East.

Material and methods. Analysis of the synoptic situations was made on the basis of meteorological data for one observation time to the 34 weather stations in the South of the Russian Far East for 2000-2012. Data on the general mortality rate (the entire population and separately for the age group of 65 years and older) in Khabarovsk for 2000-2012. To determine the characteristics of synoptic situations and their possible impact on the human body analysis of air masses and mortality was carried out.

Results. The “mortality window” for the hot period of the year is revealed: it is shown that marine and continental tropical air masses are the most unfavorable for human health. It is shown that in the summer mortality in Khabarovsk increases by 12% when in the area of action of extremely hot and humid tropical marine air masses, by 11% – in the continental tropical air masses.

Conclusion. The model of mortality forecast depending on weather conditions can be the basis for the development of the system for preventing the impact of extremely high temperatures on human health.

Introduction. Primary and secondary review of epidemiological studies on the importance of atmospheric air pollutants and chemical pesticides for the development of diabetes mellitus is presented.

Material and methods. The article includes reviews using the ISI-Web of Science, EMBASE and PubMed database for systematic review and meta-analysis, and original studies from PubMed and RISC until March 2018 to assess the cause-effect relationships of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with air pollutants and chemical pesticides.

Results. Chemical pollution is considered as a new risk factor for insulin resistance and development of CD2, although the number of publications is limited, and the degree of validity of the findings is very wide. The evidence base for the effect on the incidence of diabetes type 2 is the most complete for organochlorine pesticides (DDT, DDE, HCH) and persistent organic pollutants, which are impurities of the commodity forms of individual preparations. It is supported by systematic reviews, meta-analysis, survey results, the content of active ingredients in biomaterial, risk calculations. Data for assessing the interrelationships of diabetes and glyphosates, chlorophenoxyacetates, pyrethroids and other pesticides widely used in the last two decades are insufficient for statistical generalizations. Intermediate position on the degree of evidence of diabetogenic properties occupies air pollutants (PM_2,5, PM₁₀, NO₂). The role of the genetic component, obesity, metabolic disorders for the incidence of diabetes in conditions of technogenic pollution is discussed.

Conclusion. Targeted epidemiological studies are needed on the environmental risks associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus caused by air pollutants and pesticides used at this stage for the organization of preventive measures.