Effect of different gaseous mediums in the process of microwave pyrolysis carbonization of cellulose on the properties of the obtained activated carbon

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Abstract

A comparative study of the characteristics of high-molecular organic matter (cotton lint) subjected to pyrolytic carbonisation under conditions of high-intensity microwave radiation in various gaseous media (N2, CO2, Ar) has been conducted. The methods employed included the determination of adsorption activity through the use of a methylene blue indicator, X-ray fluorescence analysis, transmission electron microscopy with microanalysis, and X-ray phase analysis. Electrodes derived from carbon materials produced through microwave carbonisation with varying gases were constructed, and symmetric cells were assembled in accordance with the two-electrode configuration. The electrochemical properties were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge methods. The results demonstrated that the materials obtained using a CO₂ gaseous medium exhibited the most optimal characteristics.

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I. G. Dyachkova

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute

Author for correspondence.
Email: sig74@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

D. A. Zolotov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute

Email: sig74@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. S. Kumskov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute

Email: sig74@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

I. S. Volchkov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute

Email: sig74@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

E. V. Matveev

FSBSI “Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies”

Email: sig74@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. V. Berestov

FSBSI “Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Technologies”

Email: sig74@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. E. Asadchikov

Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Kurchatov Complex of Crystallography and Photonics of NRC “Kurchatov Institute

Email: sig74@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. TEM image of a sample carbonized in a CO2 environment: a – general view of a particle with inclusions, area of ​​elemental mapping (Fig. 2a), b – amorphous particle with high magnification, c – carbon onion-shaped (fullerene-like) particles, d – multi-walled carbon nanotubes.

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3. Fig. 2. Element distribution map (a) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (b) of a sample carbonized in a CO2 environment.

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4. Fig. 3. Bright-field STEM image of a sample carbonized in an N2 environment: a – general view of a particle with inclusions, area of ​​elemental mapping (Fig. 4a), b – general view of nano-onions, c – onion-like structure of carbon (high resolution).

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5. Fig. 4. Element distribution map (a) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (b) of a sample carbonized in an N2 environment.

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6. Fig. 5. TEM image of a sample carbonized in an Ar environment: a – general view of a particle with inclusions, area of ​​elemental mapping (Fig. 6a), b – amorphous particle with high resolution.

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7. Fig. 6. Element distribution map (a) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum (b) of a sample carbonized in an Ar environment.

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8. Fig. 7. X-ray fluorescence spectra of the studied samples in gaseous media: 1 – CO2, 2 – N2, 3 – Ar. Peaks Ar (air) and Fe (collimator) – hardware.

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9. Fig. 8. Diffraction patterns of the studied samples in gaseous media: 1 – N2, 2 – CO2, 3 – Ar and bar charts of the corresponding phases.

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10. Fig. 9. Dependences of specific capacitance on the sweep speed during CVA (a) and on the specific current during GZR (b) for electrodes obtained using different gas environments.

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11. Fig. 10. Results of the study using the Trasatti method.

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12. Fig. 11. Reagon diagram.

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