Effect of modification method of TiO2 nanotubes with Cu2O on their activity in photoelectrochemical water splitting

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Abstract

TiO2 nanotube array electrodes for the photoelectrochemical process of water splitting were modified with Cu2O, p-type semiconductor (p-Cu2O). By employing the cyclic voltammetry (CV) method to deposit p-Cu2O nanoparticles, a more uniform particle distribution was achieved over the inner and outer surfaces of TiO2 nanotubes. The measurements of incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) in the range of 365-660 nm demonstrated that the proposed method significantly enhance photoactivity in the visible light region compared to the potentiostatic deposition method. The IPCE value was 0.18% at a wavelength of 523 nm, which was 7 and 45 times higher than for the potentiostatic modified and pristine samples, respectively. Under continuous illumination with visible light at a wavelength of 523 nm and a potential of 0.2 V (Ag/AgCl (sat.)), the transition from Cu2O to CuO was observed for 5 hours, accompanied by a decrease in photocurrent density.

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About the authors

N. A. Zos’ko

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, FRC KSC SB RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: rtkm.1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

A. S. Aleksandrovsky

L.V. Kirensky Institute of Physics, FRC KSC SB RAS; Siberian Federal University

Email: rtkm.1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Akademgorodok, 50/38, Krasnoyarsk, 660036; Svobodny pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041

T. A. Kenova

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, FRC KSC SB RAS

Email: kta@icct.ru
Russian Federation, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

M. A. Gerasimova

Siberian Federal University

Email: rtkm.1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Svobodny pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041

N. G. Maksimov

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, FRC KSC SB RAS

Email: rtkm.1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

A. M. Zhizhaev

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, FRC KSC SB RAS

Email: rtkm.1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk, 660036

O. P. Taran

Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, FRC KSC SB RAS; Siberian Federal University

Email: rtkm.1@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Akademgorodok, 50/24, Krasnoyarsk, 660036; Svobodny pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. SEM images of TiO2 samples: a – TiO2NT; b – CV-Cu2O/TiO2NT; c – MP-Cu2O/TiO2NT (insets: cross-section of TiO2 film); d – XRD patterns of CV-Cu2O/TiO2NT before (1) and after (2) irradiation.

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3. Fig. 2. SEM and EDS images for CV-Cu2O/TiO2NT (a) and MP-Cu2O/TiO2NT (b) samples.

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4. Fig. 3. Diffuse reflectance spectra (a) and Kubelka–Munk function (b) for TiO2NT, CV-Cu2O/TiO2NT, and MP-Cu2O/TiO2NT samples.

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5. Fig. 4. Linear sweep voltammetry at 10 mV/s (solid line – photocurrent, dashed line – dark current) (a) and chronoamperometry at 0.2 V (Ag/AgCl (sat.)) (b) of TiO2NT, CV-Cu2O/TiO2NT, and MP-Cu2O/TiO2NT samples under visible light irradiation with a wavelength of 523 nm.

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6. Fig. 5. IPCE spectra of TiO2NT, CV-Cu2O/TiO2NT, and MP-Cu2O/TiO2NT samples at E = 0.2 V (Ag/AgCl (sat.)).

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7. Fig. 6. Photoluminescence spectra for TiO2NT (a), CV-Cu2O/TiO2NT (b), and MP-Cu2O/TiO2NT (c) samples. PL – photoluminescence, PLE – photoluminescence excitation spectrum, exc. – excitation, em. – emission.

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8. Fig. 7. Dependence of photocurrent density of water splitting on TiO2NT and CV-Cu2O/TiO2NT samples on visible light irradiation time (λ = 523 nm) at E = 0.2 V (Ag/AgCl (sat.)).

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