Myopia pandemic by 2050: myth or reality? Global strategies to control myopia based on the 19th International Myopia Conference

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Abstract

Myopia is the most common cause of impaired distance vision. It can lead to pathological myopia and associated serious complications if progresses to a higher grade. Given the high prevalence of myopia among children and adolescents, it is becoming a medical and social problem. The paper provides a review of lectures and discussions of the 19th International Myopia Conference held in September 2024 in China. Conference papers show that scientists and clinicians are focused on comprehensive investigation of the mechanism of myopia development, identification of its predictors and genetic aspects. A lot of focus is on the elaboration of effective treatment and preventive measures for children of preschool age and older, particularly new pharmacological approaches and improved optical correction methods to control myopia.

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About the authors

Kristina K. Shefer

Saint Petersburg Branch of the Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Complex; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Author for correspondence.
Email: kristinashefer@yahoo.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0568-6593
SPIN-code: 2260-1969

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Ernest V. Boiko

Saint Petersburg Branch of the Fedorov Eye Microsurgery Complex; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: boiko111@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7413-7478
SPIN-code: 7589-2512

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

Elvira I. Saidasheva

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: esaidasheva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4012-7324
SPIN-code: 7800-3264

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

References

  1. Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2016;123(5):1036–1042. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006
  2. Lam CS, Tang WC, Zhang HY, et al. Long-term myopia control effect and safety in children wearing DIMS spectacle lenses for 6 years. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):5475. EDN: GTXHWT doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32700-7
  3. IMO [Internet]. 19th International Conference on Myopia. Sanya, Hainan province, 25-28 Sept. China; 2024. Available from: https://www.internationalmyopiaconference.org. Accessed: 15.10.2024.
  4. Smith EL, Huang J, Hung LF, et al. Hemiretinal form deprivation: evidence for local control of eye growth and refractive development in infant monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50(11):5057–5069. doi: 10.1167/iovs.08-3232
  5. Clinical recommendations - Myopia - 2020-2021-2022 (16.02.2021). Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation [Electronic resource]. Available from: http://disuria.ru/_ld/10/1096_kr20H52p1MZ.pdf?ysclid=m4i8oiilci487262290. Accessed: 15.10.2024.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Myopia epidemiology estimates around the world in 2000–2050

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3. Fig. 2. Staged approach to prevent myopia

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4. Fig. 3. Cascade of signaling responses driven by amacrine and ganglion retinal cells during induction of peripheral defocus

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5. Fig. 4. Cycle mechanisms of myopia development (М. Pardue)

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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
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