Russian Pediatric Ophthalmology

AIM: To analyze the etiopathogenesis, clinical pattern, and treatment algorithm of inflammatory eyelid diseases in children.

RESULTS: The most severe form of inflammatory eyelid disease is herpetic blepharitis, which is invariably complicated by herpetic keratitis and corneal ulceration. Another severe condition is palpebral phthiriasis, an eyelids infestation by pubic lice (Phthirus pubis). An analysis of the etiopathogenetic features of inflammatory eyelid diseases in children was conducted. The characteristic clinical symptoms of herpetic blepharitis associated with primary infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), varicella, and herpes zoster ophthalmicus were described, as well as the clinical manifestations of palpebral phthiriasis in children.

CONCLUSION: The clinical pattern of ophthalmic herpes described in the article facilitates early diagnosis, enabling timely initiation of antiviral therapy with antiherpetic effects. This approach helps prevent chronic disease progression, complications, and ensures the preservation and/or restoration of visual acuity.

AIM: To analyze the etiopathogenesis, clinical pattern, and treatment algorithm of inflammatory eyelid diseases in children.

RESULTS: The most severe form of inflammatory eyelid disease is herpetic blepharitis, which is invariably complicated by herpetic keratitis and corneal ulceration. Another severe condition is palpebral phthiriasis, an eyelids infestation by pubic lice (Phthirus pubis). An analysis of the etiopathogenetic features of inflammatory eyelid diseases in children was conducted. The characteristic clinical symptoms of herpetic blepharitis associated with primary infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), varicella, and herpes zoster ophthalmicus were described, as well as the clinical manifestations of palpebral phthiriasis in children.

CONCLUSION: The clinical pattern of ophthalmic herpes described in the article facilitates early diagnosis, enabling timely initiation of antiviral therapy with antiherpetic effects. This approach helps prevent chronic disease progression, complications, and ensures the preservation and/or restoration of visual acuity.

Surgical treatment of symblepharon aimed at eliminating conjunctival tissue deficit requires tissue grafting. To preserve as much original tissue as possible and considering the regenerative capabilities of the conjunctiva, using smaller flaps fixed with a tissue adhesive for partial repair of the defect is deemed feasible. To evaluate the conjunctiva post-surgery, state-of-the-art instruments may be used, such as ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

AIM: To study the efficacy of surgical treatment of symblepharon consisting in defect closure sealed with a sulphacrylate tissue adhesive and to analyze the adhesive resorption time and defect epithelialization rate using instrumental examination methods.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our experimental study included 15 chinchilla rabbits (30 eyes). Sulphacrylate tissue adhesive was used for flap fixation. Biomicroscopy, photographing, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and optical coherence tomography were used for follow-up examinations.

RESULTS: No pronounced inflammation was seen with autologous tissue transplant and Sulphacrylate tissue adhesive. On Day 21 post-surgery, tissue swelling reduced significantly. The adhesive seal was gradually resorbed in the eye tissues, and the exposed scleral area was covered with conjunctiva by Day 21 post-surgery.

CONCLUSION: Fixing smaller flaps to the defect bed with the sulphacrylate tissue adhesive enables tight and rapid fixation of free conjunctival flaps. The use of this modified technique for surgical treatment of symblepharon may prove successful.

Eye injuries in children are one of the leading causes of blindness and early disability associated with developmental delay. Scleral rigid contact lenses represent an effective method of vision correction in patients with corneal irregularities. Scleral lenses improve visual acuity and reduce aberrations by providing a more regular anterior corneal surface with the aqueous layer forming between the lens and the cornea.

AIM: To study the specifics of correction with personalized scleral rigid contact lenses in vision rehabilitation in pediatric patients with injury-related corneal scarring.

RESULTS: The paper presents with case reports in which personalized scleral rigid contact lenses were required to be fitted for children with injury-related corneal scarring. The ophthalmological examination included visometry, autorefractometry, biomicroscopy, Scheimpflug imaging with Galilei G6, optical coherence tomography of the cornea with Anterion, and aberrometry with OPD-Scan III. In all cases, the scleral lenses were fitted with a personalized approach. Highly positive refractory and vision outcomes were obtained. All patients were more than satisfied with the functional outcomes, tolerability, and adaptation to the lenses.

CONCLUSION: Scleral lenses may be used in pediatric patients with injury-related corneal scarring in order to improve vision functions, reduce aberrations, and restore binocular vision. In most cases, this method of contact correction is the only one to achieve better vision acuity in children with injury-related corneal scarring.